France, England the United States and Italy for the material help to be granted to Roumania so as to lead to a satisfactory conclusion the very hard task which she had undertaken in tlie middle of anarchy which was threatinngto invade the whole of Central Europe, was determined. Thus each of the Allied countries contributed in sending either war ma terial or ass'stance for suppying the population in order that Roumania might be able to put an end to this last phase of a general war, which had remained at her charge (anex 23). Examining in this chapter the assistance that was given to us, the character of Interallied loans is clearly to be given to these advances (An : 76). Being given the special geographical situation of Roumania completely surrounded by enenies, the supplies made by the Roumanian State during this period had a character of Interallied debts, as Roumania could not receive du ring the hostilities, provisions for her civil population as other States did under the occupation, to that the supplies du’ ing these periods, are nothing else than supplies carried on from the period of hostilities, an 1 which had become all the more imperious as the territory occupied by the enemy’s troops had remained after the retreat of the same quite destitute. Roumania received then from the Unite! States goverment for materials and supplies for the civil population, sums amounting to 3.612.849.494 S' see below the general account of debts. This situation which was already bad enough w«?s aggravated by a deci sion taken by some of the Allies of asking for the restitution ot some ot the means which had been given in Moldavia and which served as security for the issues for war requirements. IV Issue of external treasury bonds At the same time as this situation which practically represents for the grea ter part, the covering of war Expenses Roumania was obliged for the supply ot the population to appeal to the confidence of private commerce and to a-suie the payment for these supplies by treasury bonds expressed indifferent cunen- cies, amounting to one milliard four hundred million lei gold. These treasury Bonds were consolidated in 1922 by a loan of 30 million pounds sterling, converted at dil ferent rates according to the cmrency in which the bonds were issued and redeemable in 40 years. V. Advances made by the International Committee of Relief Bonds In April 1920, under the presidence of Sir John Bradburry an internatio nal conference met in Paris for helping the states which had suffered b\ the war.