THE SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS 197 
room. To be sure it took her two months to succeed 
whereas the ordinary girl requires only two weeks. How 
ever, her ambition and her other excellent moral qualities 
Were such as to enable her in time to overcome the initial 
handicap with which she began. 
This raises the second important point in respect to 
which psychological tests are at present inadequate; 
Namely, the discovery of the moral and emotional qualities 
°f an individual. In the example cited, the presence of 
certain moral forces discounted a certain lack of natural 
ability. Now, such qualities as ambition, reliability, en 
thusiasm, punctuality, honesty, cheerfulness, determina 
tion, loyalty, forcefulness, excitability, tact, deliberateness 
a nd an infinite number of similar traits are generally 
classified as moral and emotional qualities. However, 
a lthough the existence and concrete character of these 
Qualities is generally conceded, their exact psychological 
Mature is very little understood. The common-sense point 
°f view and the psychological method are equally at a loss 
w hen it comes to defining and measuring these qualities. 
Some attempts have been made to devise tests by which to 
Pleasure them. One, for example, is based on a series of 
ethical questions. The subject is given a number of 
printed cards, each one proposing an action which is 
generally considered wrong or immoral. Following are 
s °me sample acts: 
Stealing a loaf of bread when hungry. 
Neglecting to pay one’s carfare. 
Walking off with somebody else’s umbrella. 
Telling a lie about one’s income. 
Passing on a slanderous story. 
Breaking a speed law. 
Taking illegal rebates.