CHAPTER VIL 
WORKING CONDITIONS. 
EMPLOYEES. 
From each of the 65 establishments making muslin underwear that 
furnished reports, data were obtained regarding the number of its em- 
players engaged in direct and indirect labor, including superintendents, 
oremen, clerks, and general help in the establishment but not those in 
contract shops. The data as furnished by the establishments classified 
such erplhyion by sex, age, time and piece workers, and according to 
the number employed in the busy season and in the dull season. 
The busy season in most establishments included the months of 
February, March, April, May, September, October, and November; 
the dull ‘season, January, June, July, August, and December. 
The total number of the employees of the 65 establishments report- 
ing was 8,989 during the busy season and 7,769 during the dull season. 
The number of employees that were under 16 years of age was 106 in 
the busy season and 103 in the dull season. All of these children were 
employed in establishments outside New York City. In the busy 
season the establishments with net sales of less than $100,000 (Group 
V) employed 5; the establishments with net sales of $100,000 and less 
than $200,000 (Group VI), 13; the establishments with net sales of 
$200,000 and less than $400,000 (Group VII), 48; the establishments 
with net sales of $400,000 and over (Group VIII), 40. Of the total 
106 children in the busy season, 72 were time workers and 34 were 
pieceworkers. All were females except 3. 
The average number of employees per establishment 16 years of age 
and over, classified by groups, by sex, and by piece and time workers, 
guring the busy and dull seasons, 1s shown in Table 43. The average 
was obtained by dividing the number of employees of each class hy 
the number of establishments in each rou. The number of chil- 
dren, being comparatively small, is omitted from the table. 
TABLE 43.—AVERAGE NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES PER ESTABLISHMENT 16 YEARS OF 
AGE AND OVER IN ALL DEPARTMENTS, INCLUDING SUPERINTENDENTS, FOREMEN, 
CLERKS, AND GENERAL Herp, BY GROUPS AND BY SEX, AND PiecE AND TIME 
WorkERS, DURING Busy AND DuLL SEASONS 
Num- Total. 
ber of F—— — 
Establishments. Group. Gl Busy season. | Dull season. 
1sh- EL A--LL Br 
ments Male. | Female. Male. | Female. 
Tn New York City having net sales of— = 
1,055 than $100,000... . ..,. +... c0vasssnanannssnns a 14 3.6 48.8 3.4 30.1 
$100,000 and less than $200,000... ....cccoeaeenna ves 12 8.3 70.4 7.3 52.2 
$200,000 and less than $400,000... ...ccoarennen ] FEE 11 15.30 1128.3 12.5 99.5 
8400.000 and over rm rn amen wenn EY «oe od 6 35.0 255.8 33.8 247.2 
Total in New York CIty ....... en ceressemms eens: sl 122 1040! 11.0 813 
Dutside New York City having net sales of— =e RE — ee == 
Less than $100,000... cc.ecvzvearmnsnranenennnnns - 7 6.3 49.7 6.1 43.4 
$100,000 and less than $200,000. ...........cc..o. i” 8 6.4 99.4 6.4 91.1 
$200,000 and less than $400.000 .................0 \ 3 4 16.3 | 202.0 16.3 | 202.0 
$400,000 and over sr ress a dV Lr 3 51.7 538.7 50.3 471.7 
Total outside Now York City .....c.veerrees veeeee 220% 14.3) 162.1 | 14.1 Le 
Total all lorelitios, EEesTEsspEE” SES iE, orm 7 12 1 | 10s 8 
149