MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES 
It is apparent from the above stated facts that the fluctuations of 
male immigration are more significant than the movement of total 
immigration when the reaction of the flow of working immigrants 
to employment conditions is under consideration. For this reason, 
male immigration, rather than the immigration of both sexes, is 
the primary immigration series used in this study. It may be noted, 
in passing, that the percentage of male immigration is relatively 
high in prosperous years, such as the fiscal years of 1907 and 1910, 
and relatively low in the succeeding depression periods, suggesting, 
as would be expected, that the male element is the more sensitive to 
industrial conditions. 
In emigration, males constitute even a larger proportion than in 
immigration. This proportion was highest in the depression year 
1908 (See Table 3). Since the collection of emigration statistics 
TABLE 3.—PROPORTION OF MALES IN EMIGRATION: 1908-1924» 
Years ending June 30th 
ci Total Males Per 
emigrants cent 
OSG 395,073 342,883 86.8 
(809.0 225,802 159,009 70.4 
OMY, sl 202,436 154,842 76.5 
Hot. Ll 295,666 238,922 80.8 
OI 333,262 275,970 82.8 
Gig, Ld 308,190 251,808 81.7 
HR 303,338 242,208 79.8 
615. 0.0 204,074 168,072 82.4 
IOI th is as 129,765 106,625 82.2 
JO 66,277 48 427 73.1 
IR 94,585 71,352 75.4 
ote 123.522 101,167 81.9 
POP Lh. 288,315 237,748 82.5 
OH 247,718 189,134 76.4 
Oa a 198,712 143,223 72.1 
HE 81,450 54,752 67.2 
ORE 76.789 57.313 74.6 
sThese data, compiled from the reports of the Commissioner General of Immigration, do not include 
departing citizens or non-emigrant aliens. 
began in 1908, males have constituted at least seventy per cent of 
the total in every year but 1923 (fiscal). The restriction of im- 
migration has tended to decrease the proportion of males in emi- 
gration as well as in immigration. 
40 
Year