4 MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES 
certain non-Russian races, such as the Poles and Hebrews, many of 
whom come from Russia. It will be noted that the three leading 
races in number of immigrants were the South Italians, Hebrews, 
and Poles, in the order named. 
TABLE 5.—IMMIGRATION AND EMIGRATION OF LEADING RACES: 
1908-1923. 
(Thousands of persons) 
NET IMMIGRATION 
IMMIGRATION EMIGRATION -! es 
. PER CENT OF 
Numser IMMIGRATION 
ToraL—ALL Races» 9.950 3.498 6.452 64.8 
South ITALIAN. ... ..... 1,724 970 755 43.8 
Huennew..... . uinidd 959 32 907 94.6 
Pons... ol 789 318 471 59.7 
ENeusa.. ......... 0.0 707 146 560 79.2 
BERMAN, |. ui hi inde 670 120 550 82.1 
SCANDINAVIAN.......... 449 98 351 78.2 
Tormey ou, 433 46 386 89.1 
BEEK... 366 169 198 54.1 
NortH ITALIAN......... 302 147 155 51.3 
RUSSIAN.......... 0. 210 110 100 47.6 
7 20 Smpiled from data given in the Annual Report of the Commissioner General of Immigration, 1923, 5 
“bIncluding the races not listed in this table. 
°Net immigration =immigration less emigration. Computed from the original statistics before they 
were reduced to thousands. 
Racial Differences in the Ratio of Emigrants to Immigrants. 
For all races, including those not listed separately in Table 5, 
the net immigration, or immigration less emigration, equals about 
sixty-five per cent of gross immigration. The tendency to emigrate 
is far from equal in the several races or peoples. In general, the 
percentage of permanent residents is high for the Hebrews and the 
races of northern and western Europe and low for the races of 
southern and eastern Europe except the Hebrews. Though the 
incoming South Italians far exceeded in number the immigrants of 
any other race, the net immigration for this race was only forty-four 
per cent of arriving immigrants in the fiscal years 1908 to 1923; 
while it was almost ninety-five per cent for the Hebrews, eighty- 
nine per cent for the Irish, and over eighty per cent for the Germans. 
In other words, the Germans, Irish, and Hebrews ordinarily come 
to stay; but large numbers of the South Italian immigrants, after 
a more or less short period of labor and saving, return to their native 
i4 
RACE