t MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES 
actuated by economic motives in this period. Prior to our entry 
into the war, a considerable fraction of the usual flow continued 
from neutral countries, and even from the allied countries; and the 
number of ‘immigrants’ recorded from British North America 
increased, exceeding one hundred thousand in each of the fiscal 
years 1915-16, and 1916-17. The numbers from Mexico also in- 
creased, particularly if we include those admitted during and 
immediately following the war period by special provision waiving 
the literacy test and admitting for temporary conditional sojourn 
to help meet the demand for labor. 
TABLE 29.—EFFECT OF THE WAR UPON ALIEN MIGRATION» 
Thousands of Persons 
ALIEN ExcEss oF 
CALENDAR YEAR ALIEN ARRIVALS DEPARICRES ARRIVALS OVER 
DEPARTURESP 
1913 1,617 599 1,018 
1914 848 585 263 
1915 328 285 43 
1916 429 165 264 
1917 212 131 81 
1918 225 184 41 
1919 397 393 5 
1920 918 423 495 
1921 694 414 280 
1922 520 242 277 
1923 906 199 707 
1924 527 232 295 
sCompiled from the publications of the United States Bureau of Immigration. Both permanent and 
temporary migrants are included. g . . 
»Apparent discrepancies of one thousand in this column compared with the difference of the first two 
columns is due to the fact that the differences were computed from the original data before reduction to 
thousands. 
THE POST-WAR PERIOD 
The history of migration subsequent to the armistice presents 
many peculiar features. Over the greater part of the period unusual 
forces were operating to distort fluctuations in migration from their 
characteristic pre-war types. 
In the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, the greater part of emi- 
gration was to Canada, Mexico, Italy, and Greece, but emigration 
to Europe trebled in the following immigration year, ending June 
30, 1920. 
124.