SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS 
CHART 53 
SEASONAL FLUCTUATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION. 
Average of twelve months = 100 
Ea 150 FIG B } 
|co—e=NY. Signy and Street Labor 
+ 0+— = Wisconsin Building Employment | 
, oR 
25k 125 : A 
20 p— 100+ 
t/ fa 
| 
or fu ; Forses Sims 
== bo--—o= Permits Lott er ed 
ce—e = NY. Building and Street Labor >-—o=Building Employment 
de--—e = Mass. Building Employment 2b cities, i9ze. 
I= “STQIN]D) 50 TIE aT LFT= 
— =Highway' 
Employment 
ou >—e=Building Employment} —, 
(composite) i 
~—o=Construction Emplo ment] 
. omar 
CIZl# ATTA TTT ATs 
sSources: 
Curve a = seasonal indices of the value of contracts awarded in 27 northeastern 
states, January, 1910, to June, 1922, computed by Mr. J. B. Hubbard, Review of 
Economic Statistics, January, 1924, p- 35. 
Curve b = the value of permits in 66 selected cities, 1910-1922, ibid. i 
Curve d = unemployment inverted, computed from percentages of trade union 
building workers unemployed at the end of each quarter. The seasonal indices 
are: Mar. 31, 92.8; June 30, 105.6; Sept. 30, 107.9; Dee. 31, 93.6. 
For data from which curves c. e, f, g, h and i, were constructed, see Table 57 and 
footnotes. 
carried on by foreign-born laborers, including, probably, a large 
proportion of those temporary immigrants known as “birds of 
passage’ and also other newly arrived aliens. The general seasonal 
character of the construction industry is a matter of common 
225 
IG