PART 11. 
agriculture is almost the sole industry upon which the 
sustenance and advancement of the African peoples depend— 
a principle which has already been emphasized by the Phelps- 
Stokes Commission; 
'n) It is further considered that, for the development of native 
agriculture, a staff of Africans trained in agriculture and 
capable of performing the duties of agricultural instructors is 
essential; and it is urged that the necessary provision should 
also be made for the systematic training of African teachers in 
agriculture for schools in native areas. 
MUTUAL SUPPORT AND ECONOMIC BALANCE BETWEEN 
NATIVES PRODUCING FOR EXTERNAL, AND THOSE 
PRODUCING FOR INTERNAL, CONSUMPTION. 
Mr. KIRBY made the following statement: — 
By production for external consumption is meant production for 
export. 
Partly because of the liability to dearth, more or less extensive in 
any one season in Tanganyika Territory, the tendency has been to 
encourage every native grower to produce food crops in addition to 
any purely economic (export) crop such as cotton. 
The world’s development has shown that this method of ** every 
man his own provider ’ is uneconomic, especially in that (1) those 
who possess no economic (export) crop yielding a comparatively large 
monetary return per acre, such as cotton, possess in times of shortage 
little or no money for buying food; and in that (2) it limits the 
circulation of money, that economic necessity for general prosperity, 
in the country itself. 
There are signs already in East Africa (Tanganyika and Uganda 
particularly) of the development of the African producer who grows 
cotton as a main crop, others being subsidiary, chiefly for rotation. 
It does not appear wise that this type of producer should be 
discouraged. 
With improved transport facilities distxicts whose distance limits 
their production for export (such as Kigoma, Ufipa, Rungwe, Songea 
in Tanganyika), or which are unsuited to cotton (Dodoma in 
Tanganyika) are likely to become producers of food for (among others 
such as plantation labourers) natives concentrating more particularly 
on cotton growing. These natives will extend the market for the 
food-crops of the former, of no value for export; and those will 
become indirectly producers of cotton, as their activities will enable 
the native cotton grower to use land for it that he would otherwise 
cultivate for foodstuffs. 
: Development in this direction, so that natives in the more remote 
districts may help indirectly the exports (of both native and non- 
native origin) of a country to figure increasingly in the trade of the 
world, is regarded as natural and important for encouragement. 
(The above was circulated in the form of a note under T.C.(C)Ag.12.) 
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