PART II. equalize the extreme temperatures between the day and night; the coffee bushes outgrew the ‘‘ tight’ growth and produced very remunerative crops. The outlay in establishing this form of shade is expensive; it Is estimated at approximately £13 to £14 per acre. Apart from this, the upkeep is expensive as it requires a considerable amount of labour to renew the canopy from time to time. In this case, however, it has been most successful, and has more than paid for the cost of erection. The next subject to be discussed is the use of wind-breaks. Grevillea robusta has been found the most satisfactory tree for this purpose. Windbreaks have been very much overdone by coffee planters, who once considered that wherever coffee was planted, windbreaks or windscreens should be established. It has since been realised that they should only be used if the prevailing wing is so severe as to affect the growth of coffee, and when used they should not provide an absolute barrier to wind. The branches should be so pruned as to allow a certain movement of air to circulate through the field. Tt has been observed that where windbreaks have been allowed to get too thick or dense, that the outbreak of insect pests, such as Antestia and Thrips, are most prevalent. In conclusion, I would say that the question of coffee growing in East Africa is full of problems and it would be an error of judgment to lay down hard and fast rules in regard to the cultivation of the crop, but definite rules may certainly be laid down in regard to the preparation and care which should be exercised when the crop has been harvested; the same applies also to seed selection. Every attempt should be made to introduce labour saving devices, both in the field and factory. Certain methods of training the coffee bushes, cultivating by mechanical means, harvesing the crop, washing channels, elevators and ejectors, mechanical drying, ete., should be adopted wherever possible as a means of saving labour and reducing the cost of production. (After the paper, a series of lantern slides, illustrating coffee culture in Kenya and Costa Rica were shown.) Mr. HARGREAVES stated that in the Toro district of Uganda a withering of the tip of coffee was seen. Observations proved that the malformations were due to climatic conditions. Many believe this to have been caused by an Aphis, although one planter had cured the condition by shading. He asked what procedure was adopted in Kenya to alleviate this condition, and what was considered to be the cause. Mr. TRENCH said that the condition was considered to be purely climatic in origin. Mr. Wilkinson had investigated the matter fully, and could find no evidence of insects being the cause. It was entirely cured by adequate shading. In reply to Mr. Koch, Mr. Trench stated that mist, if continuous, might adversely affect coffee, but that in the Nyeri district the mists that occur in the morning have had a beneficial effect. Mr. FULLER observed that the shade question must surely be considered afresh in each country. Grevillea robusta in Kenya would not be considered ‘‘ robusta ’’ in Natal, the habit of growth there being often quite different. 55