PART 11. The guiding principles in livestock improvement are: — (1) Raise the average standard by culling. (2) Remove all inferior males. "Remove at the earliest moment many oxen, all non-breeding females, ete. Raise the carrying capacity of country by providing additional water supplies and enable the land to carry larger types by reducing the distance stock have to move for water. : ' Establish herds of superior native types in native areas from which later one might issue improved strains. (6) Make routine the various protective Veterinary operations. The first movement would naturally be the imposition of a Stock Tax, the proceeds being devoted to the general improvement of live- stock, conditions of reserve and Veterinary action. Livestock work in Kenya will be a heavy task just as is the reconditioning of a reserve ruined by the over-accumulation of stock on a restricted area, but if the native livestock of Kenya is ever to become a real asset some action must be taken. For the development of services and European agriculture the Colony needs nearly half a million workers, for proper cultivation the native reserves need a population about three times as great as is living there at present. Enormously valuable agricultural areas in native reserves are hardly populated and if populated are treated pastorally. The development of this Colony requires that the European shall give of his technical knowledge, his ability to direct, to economise and to demonstrate the use of all the adjuncts of civilisation, it demands that the native people wax strong, that they become agriculturists and that the whole agricultural area of the Colony be developed and utilised. The way in which it is believed this will be achieved is education in work through the force of example, the engendering of ‘‘ needs ’’ in native peoples, the demonetisation of cattle, and the emancipation of women. OrcaNisATION OF NATIVE Work: Believing that much may be saved by the enforcement of simple rules in farming just as on large estates and ranches a manager directs the use of areas, the varieties of crops, the periods of harvest and so forth, power has been sought through the medium of a simple Bill to enable the assets of the country to be preserved and the quality of production to be improved. One cannot do better than quote the preamble to a short Bill designed for the purpose, which was recently passed by the Legislative Council in this Colony : — “ This Bill confers powers upon Government actively to improve the standards of production in the Colony and to forbid the growth of crops or plants which are known to be deleterious or in other ways undesirable, also to preserve permanent food crops from destruction. ** Through it cultural methods calculated to increase produe- tion could be laid down and in order to prevent immature produce in bad condition being exposed for sale the time of marketing any particular kind of produce may be specified. 79