PART 11. ‘“ The stocking of land beyond its carrying capacity with resultant poverty and deaths of stock may be prevented and the number, etc., of livestock which may be kept on a given area can be defined. Generally also provision is made for determining the manner in which livestock improvement should be carried out.” It is readily seen that to apply any orders in a native area pre- supposes the existence of an organisation to see that orders are carried out and also an organisation which is able to advise the kind of and in what direction orders should be applied. It therefore means that the administrative staffs in native areas should include agricultural officers of experience capable of advising. The Department is endeavouring to establish agricultural schools in all large native reserves and the technical staffs of these schools supervise native instruction and demonstration plots in various locations in addition, to their work on the seed farms and schools. The staff provided should be capable of advising the Senior or District Commissioner as to what should be done simply to effect some improvement generally applicable and generally needed. The Agricultural Officer will require a native intelligence organisation provided by native instructors in each location in charge of the demonstration plots mentioned heretofore. Therefore the educational and advisory work will go hand in hand and the small organisation should be capable of functioning in the beginning. As experience is gained, and we have some experience of the evasion by natives of orders issued in connection with the cotton crop, we shall need to devise means to ensure that orders are promptly and thoroughly carried out. The character and calibre of the officer delivering the order should be good enough to ensure the obedience of the people. Firstly, a whole-hearted interest must be taken in the prosperity of their native charges by administrative officers, not merely to protect their possessions inviolate and to uphold native rights, but also to see that all the daily wastefulness of life in native reserves is reduced by rendering the labour of people in reserves more valuable to the country. Therefore the fullest support of the administrative officer in matters of management must be forthcoming, and the joint work of the agricultural officer and the administrative officer reflect itself in the increased prosperity of the district. In Kenya the Agricultural Officer, apart from his educational work, is advisory to the administra- tive officer. © The administrative staff is already fuily occupied in various ways and although strongly desiring it naturally feels that agricultural work is an additional burden. In other countries a different system is in operation. Briefly, the organisation we have to-day is as follows: (1) Under central direction provincial training and seed farms are being established. The European officers in charge act also as advisers to the Administration, and supervisors of the native instructors in locations. (2) Attached to the Institution are trained native instructors in charge of demonstration plots shewing improved cultivation, a model rotation, the value of good seed, new implements. These instructors are visited regularly, the condition and extent of crops, incidence of droucht and disease is noted for administrative information. 80