IV. COMPOSITION of FAMILIES. 
The budgets referred to families of different sizes, but the average or 
“standard” family consisted of husband and wife in the prime of life (under 30 
years) and one or (wo children, corresponding to a mathemathical average of 
3.54 persons, (i. e. 100 families consist of 354 members). In ten cases dependents, 
mostly sisters living with the family, were considered as members. 
Table 2. Composition of Families. 
Number of members Number Fotal number 
© Olperfamilys: oo of families _of persons 
(1) (2) B=(1)X 
Less than 2 — 
2 11 22 
K 46 138 
! 28 112 
11 55 
: 12 
| i 
i 1 3 
total 100 354 
standard family - 2 =3.54 persons 
V. UNIT OF CONSUMPTION. 
In order to compare the consumption of food by men, women and children 
the consumption of a typical family (3.54 members) has been expressed in units 
of consumption by adult men. It is a well known fact that a man needs more 
food than a woman, and that a woman needs more than a child. This compa- 
rison refers not only to actual food, but also to expenses on tobacco, member- 
ship fees, personal and social expenses. In respect to medical aid, the reverse 
is to be stated. In the expenses for clothing and lighting men and women are 
on equal footing, whilst the expenditure for children are smaller. 
In general the proportional expenditure of men, women and children has 
not yet been definitely ascertained. Various coefficients haye been fixed by 
certain reliable authorities, and there are also different equivalent figures refer- 
ring to the various branches of work (heavy physical work, light work and 
sedentary work) to age and to sex. But for the purposes of this investigation the 
round figures fixed by the Interallied Food Commission have been considered 
sufficient. They are * 
Males over 14 years 100 
Females ,, 14 0.83 
Children from 10 to 13 years incl. 0.83 
wo Bige tg AF 3 0.70 
under 6 years 0.50