230 VALUATION, DEPRECIATION AND THE RATE-BASE 
is defined as including all processes connected with the acquisi- 
tion of the original road and equipment, road extensions, addi- 
tions and betterments. The following is from these instructions: 
« Costs shall be actual money costs to the carrier. When a 
portion of the funds expended by the carrier has been obtained 
through donations by the states, municipalities, individuals or 
others, no deduction on account of such donations shall be made 
in stating the costs. Contributions for joint expenditures should 
not be considered as donations. The carrier’s proportion only 
of the cost of joint projects, such as construction of jointly 
owned tracks and elimination of highway crossings at joint 
expense, shall be included in these accounts. 
“ The charges to the accounts of this classification shall be 
based upon the cost of the property acquired. When the con- 
sideration given for the purchase or the improvement of property 
the cost of which is chargeable to the accounts of this classifica- 
tion is other than money, the money value of the consideration 
at the time of the transaction shall be charged to these accounts, 
and the actual consideration shall be described in the record in 
sufficient detail to identify it. The carrier shall be prepared to 
furnish the Commission, upon demand, the particulars of its 
determination of the actual cash value of the consideration, if 
other than money. 
«Tt is intended that the accounts for fixed improvements and 
equipment shall include the cost of construction of such prop- 
erty. The cost of construction shall include the cost of labor, 
materials and supplies, work-train service, special machine ser- 
vice, transportation contract work, protection from casualties, 
inquiries and damages, privileges, and other analogous elements 
in connection with such work.” 
Treatment of Depreciation and Replacement, Interstate Com- 
merce Commission. — The attitude of the Interstate Commerce 
Commission with reference to the depreciation and replacement 
of property appears from the following instructions: 
“ When a unit of property other than land or equipment — 
such as a section of road, side or yard track, shop or power 
plant machine, building, or other structure — is retired from 
service and replaced with property of like purpose, the ledger 
value of the retired property shall be credited to the appropriate