446 VALUATION, DEPRECIATION AND THE RATE-BASE 
EXPLANATION OF TABLE 3:2 
TABLE OF EXPECTANCY OF HUMAN LIFE 
In Table 32 there is shown the expectation of human life 
according to the Northampton, the Carlisle, the Combined or 
Seventeen Offices’ Experience, the American Experience and 
the Thirty Offices’ Experience tables of mortality. 
The Northampton table of mortality was constructed by Dr. 
Richard Price and is based on the mortality of the Parish of All 
Saints, Northampton, England, during the years 1741-1780. 
The number of male and female deaths were very nearly equal. 
This table probably has too great a proportion of the middle 
class as no precise information as to the members of the laboring 
class were obtainable. It was formerly much used in England 
but gives too great mortality especially in the younger ages. 
Census returns were not available to supplement the vital sta- 
tistics and the result has been a faulty construction. 
The Carlisle table is based on the observations of Dr. Heysham 
upon the mortality of Carlisle, England, in the years 1779-1787. 
It was constructed by Mr. Joshua Milne and published in 1815. 
The relative proportion of sexes is 8 males to 9 females. This is 
a well constructed table of healthy life in England. It has been 
extensively used in courts, in making estimates of annuities, 
damages, due to loss of life, etc. Its use for life insurance pur- 
poses is now practically ended. 
The Combined or Seventeen Offices’ Experience table was 
prepared by actuaries from the experience of seventeen impor- 
tant life insurance companies in England and Scotland. The 
data from 62,537 assurances were used in its construction and it 
was published in 1843 by Mr. J. Jones. This table has been and 
still is used for life insurance purposes. 
The American Experience table of Mortality was constructed 
by Mr. Shepard Hermans, from the experience of the Mutual 
Life Insurance Company about 1868. It has been largely used 
in the valuation of life insurance policies in the United States 
and is considered representative of the mortality of healthy 
insured lives in this country.