25 
(¢) Root Crops. 
Tuwrnips and Swedes.—The area under turnips and swedes 
has declined from 1,538,000 to 806,000 acres since 1880, and 
whereas in that year this crop occupied 11 per cent. of the arable 
area, the proportion in 1925 was only 74 per cent., and that upon 
a greatly reduced arable area. The reduction has been most 
marked in the eastern counties, while in the northern, north- 
western and Welsh divisions the proportion to arable area has 
been practically maintained. But even in these counties there 
has in fact been an appreciable reduction in actual acreage. 
By far the heaviest yields of turnips and swedes are obtained 
in the northern and north-western counties. The average yield 
per acre for the country during the past 10 years has been about 
12} tons, and apart from Yorkshire (West Riding), where 
the average is only 12 tons and Durham with 13} tons, the counties 
in these two divisions average from 14 to 17 tons per acre, the 
latter figure being recorded in Cheshire. Many of the Welsh 
Counties also exceed 14 tons to the acre, but otherwise the only 
yields of these dimensions are secured in Lincoln (Holland), 
Isle of Ely, Salop and Cornwall. The decline in the growing 
of turnips and swedes is mainly due to the high labour cost 
involved in proportion to the feeding value of the crop. The 
reduction in the acreage of turnips and swedes in the arable 
counties is reflected in the reduced sheep population in these 
districts. 
In spite of the substantial reduction in the acreage of turnips 
In some districts, this crop is still among the most widely diffused 
through the country. The two divisions with the largest acreage 
{the northern and north-eastern) together furnished 45 per cent. 
of the total acreage in 1925 but only 42 per cent. of the total 
Production, which was 9,198,000 tons. The north-western 
Counties, with 8 per cent. of the total acreage, produced over 
104 per cent. of the country’s yield. 
A small proportion of the turnips are used for human con- 
Sumption, and these are dealt with in section (f ). 
Mangolds.—Mangolds are grown most extensively in the 
astern half of the country, but there is a general dispersion of 
the crop throughout the country. In most counties the actual 
Acreage of mangolds has changed but little since 1880, although 
fairly substantial increases are recorded in the midland divisions 
and decreases in the eastern divisions. In relation to the arable 
ozone there is a fairly general increase except in the eastern 
Vision. 
Apart from Lincoln (Holland), the Isle of Ely and the Soke 
of Peterborough, where the average yields are from 24 to 27 tons 
ber acre, the highest yields of mangolds are secured in the western 
divisions of England with averages of 21 to 21} tons per acre. 
In the eastern and north-eastern divisions the average yields 
wre about 18 and 18} tons respectively or less than the average 
for the whole country, viz., 19 tons per acre.