PREFACE IX Vandeveer Custis, F. S. Deibler, H. P. Dutton, Richard T. Ely, H. A. Finney, H. G. Guthmann, E. H. Hahne, R. E. Heilman, E. P. Hohman, E. D. Howard, and H. C. Taylor—who were kind enough to read the manuscript in part or in whole, and to discuss with me both the manipulative processes and the conclusions. I am also indebted to others, among whom the following, be- cause of their interest, it is a pleasure to name: B. M. Anderson, Economist, Chase National Bank, New York; H. R. Bowser, Manager, Financial Statistics Division, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston; W. Randolph Burgess, Assistant Federal Reserve Agent, Federal Reserve Bank of New York; H. A. E. Chandler, Economist, National Bank of Commerce, New York; Frederic H. Curtiss, Chairman and Federal Reserve Agent, Federal Re- serve Bank of Boston; J. F. Ebersole, Economist, United States Treasury Department; E. A. Goldenweiser, Director, Division of Research and Statistics, Federal Reserve Board; Walter E. Lagerquist, Counselor on Investments, American Exchange- Irving Trust Company, New York; H. G. Moulton, President, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D. C.; Carl E. Parry, Assistant Director, Division of Research and Statistics, Federal Reserve Board; Carl Snyder, General Statistician, Federal Re- serve Bank of New York; and O. M. W. Sprague, Harvard University. Generous and helpful as have been the suggestions of certain of those named, the writer obviously assumes full responsibility for both the accuracy of the processes of analysis and the sound- ness of the conclusions. HORACE SECRIST May 1, 1928