... The bulk of the gold exported by the Bolsheviki served to 
pay for goods purchased abroad. 
. » . . The quantity of gold shipped to Sweden to pay for pur- 
chases made in or through that country has been over 100,000,000 
rubles. Prior to 1921 the shipments to Sweden were effected 
chiefly through the agency of the Skandinavska Kreditaktiebolaget. 
After 1921, the gold sent there by the Soviet Government was con- 
centrated in the Enskilda Bank. By the middle of 1921 there was in 
Sweden about 35 million rubles gold belonging to the Soviet Gov- 
ernment. The shipments made to pay for purchases in Norway and 
in Denmark have been much smaller; they hardly exceed 20 million 
rubles. 
Purchases effected in Germany in the period from May 15 to 
December 31, 1921 only, according to the data of the Bolsheviki mis- 
sion, amounted to 321 million marks, and gold doubtless had to 
be shipped in payment for these purchases. 
Soviet purchases in England amounted by August 31, 1921, 
to £5,620,000, and they were almost entirely paid for in gold. 
Three Russian gold shipments to France have been recorded, 
including 50,000,000 francs made in September 1920 on the steam- 
ship Petrell, 50,000,000 francs made in October of the same year 
by the steamer Janine, and a shipment of 11,335,000 francs gold 
landed at Calais in February 1921. 
All these data are, of course, incomplete and fragmentary. 
. +. . According to private information in our possession, the 
Bolsheviki had exported, to August 1, 1921 only, 451,000,000 rubles 
of Russian gold through the Estonian frontier and 74,000,000 
rubles through all other frontiers. ... 
Large amounts of gold were remitted by the Bolsheviki to 
the governments of the secession states with which they concluded 
peace treaties. (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia. Poland). 
Here are the respective articles in the several treaties: 
Peace Treaty between Russia and Lithuania. Art. XII, Sec. 
3. “To remit to the Government of Lithuania three million rubles 
in gold within one and one half months from the date of ratification 
of the treaty.” 
Peace Treaty between Russia and Estonia, Art. XII, Sec. 1. 
“Russia cedes to Estonia fifteen million rubles in gold, of which 
eight millions will be paid within one month, and seven millions, 
within two months from the date of the ratification of the Treaty”. 
The Treaty of Riga between Russia and Poland, Art. XII 
“In accordance with the peace preliminaries of October 12, 1920, 
under the division relating to the participation of the territories