whatever the ethical merits of the case, that demand will make 
itself felt through political pressure of other countries. In such 
cases we favor joint action by governments to secure equal opport- 
unities for all nationals. If circumstances require that pressure be 
brought by one government the end to be sought should be the 
opening up of the territory not only to the government bringing 
the pressure for its exclusive benefit, but to all nationals. Disregard 
of this principle has been the cause of much international friction. 
6. Government Co-Operation is Desirable in Securing the Open Door to 
Mineral Exploration and Development 
To accomplish the purpose outlined in preceding paragraphs, 
we urge that the United States Government maintain closer touch 
than heretofore with American activities in foreign mineral fields. 
This might well be accomplished by using mineral specialists as 
diplomatic attaches, consular agents, or agents of the Department 
of Commerce, in countries where mineral raw materials play a 
large part in our international relations. There should be more 
systematic reports to the home government, and more attention 
on the part of the home government to the interpretation and corre- 
lation of these reports in order to determine which of our foreign 
activities in minerals are essential for our national welfare, to 
ascertain the force and practical application of the mining laws 
of such countries, and to advise and protect American companies 
in their operations thereunder. This information should be at the 
disposal of such of the citizens as are interested in mining develop- 
ments. In short, intelligent co-ordination and supervision of the 
problem of foreign mineral materials by qualified and responsible 
officials of the home government we believe would be greatly to 
our own interest, and at the same time would tend to eliminate 
neediess causes of international discord. Other governments have 
made significant starts in this type of administration. 
In cases of international dispute, and there are many such 
relating to minerals, we further suggest the desirability of utiliz- 
1 Krahmann, Arbeitsgemeinschaft 161