106 THE SHADOW OF THE WORLD’S FUTURE 
ably discussed some years back by Prof. Fedozzi of 
Genoa, in Scientia. Issues as between nations may 
have very little relation to the groups of individuals 
concerned in their decision. 
All possible progress depends upon the existence of 
capital, that is upon the accumulations of suitable 
forms of wealth, over and above the current needs of 
persons and of communities. Formerly capital was 
more largely, if not wholly, individually controlled; 
and the sense of responsibility for the manner of its 
use was correspondingly personal. In the world’s 
economic system of to-day, larger accumulations occur 
and are indispensable for the maintenance of the 
greater activities and the larger schemes of transport. 
But these are, relatively, impersonally controlled, and 
the ethics of such control is humanly less satisfactory 
than when it was associated with personal responsi- 
bility. It is because of this that the larger economic 
issues frequently cause trouble, often intensified by 
national prejudices, since there is, as yet, very little 
realisation -of any unity of interest among the peoples 
of mankind, regarded as citizens of the world. 
It is easy to see that as human difficulties increase 
through the growth of populations, adjustments as 
between its increase of numbers and its economic 
organisation must take place, if trouble is to be avoided. 
Keeping such considerations in mind, and having in 
view the imminency of a food-shortage, “ New Mal- 
thusianism ” proposes that we shall review the whole 
situation carefully and not multiply without the 
slightest regard thereto. What, then, is the world- 
position in respect of this matter, and how does it 
affect various divisions of the human race? On a very 
superficial view the solution might seem to depend 
merely upon migration from the thickly settled areas 
to the sparsely settled ones, and therefore—in principle 
at least—to be easy of solution. The trouble is,