PERCENTAGE OF EUROPEAN BORN ARRIVED BEFORE 1901 85 TABLE 27.—PERCENTAGE OF CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN BORN POPULATION OF CANADA IN 1921 WHO ARRIVED BEFORE 1901. BY SPECIFIED GROUPINGS OF COUNTRIES OF BIRTH. I Birthplace North Western Europe— Belgium.......coooiviiiiii a Denmark. couv ou ve vive vv en we sas wh % isc TT re SEPIOBIIY cus vc iy owins os vis sivas £3 9m ws 24 Eollanad co.cn 2. on wine 43 25 Eads 45 43 TRESS 50 2 leeland..........oiiiiiiii i Norway..........- eee Sweden............. ees Switzerland...... en South, Eastern and Central Europe— Austria........ PETIEY Bulgaria........ .. Czechoslovakia........... FE ALOE viv wn copmoin sm sn won arms 0 wins ee Sw SIBOTR. sop 5 0 crn ca wn mies wa wavs So yh FURRAIS oo cuss vosins so smminss os va Ts £3 mas Jugo-Slavia..........oovviiien cai Poland. ...ooooevniiininiiiiii iii Roumania................... FT Russia......... .. [Tkraijne..... . P.c. who arrived afore 1901 10-62 i7-34 21-54 1-10 4.91 59.18 7-99 4-31 18-97 21-20 17-11 18 15-05 8-97 5-01 r.31 1.9 Se n4 0.4% 2.16 7-50 1 ag 14-35 Birthplace Scandinavian— DIOBIRAIR.. 1 vasmmaes wu wvmiacnn an ws sss 0 FRland, coovviiven vovns oy prmmavs 0% sepa i NOTWAY oo soviorvrinsiy £5 saosin 53 55.00% £5 65 Sweden............ 3 wll romey tom wan Total... Germanic— Belgium. ..o.ooovviiiiiiniiiiiiiiia., Germany. ............... Cee Holla ov vscs so vannn env wun wo vn owns 4% 03 Totabevervrnns ve gowns 8 * spun sea Latins and Greeke— Greece. ...ooreevinnn. aly. ...ooovnnnnnnn Roumania................. France........- . Total...... Slavic— Austrig......... .... . Bulgarig.................... Czechoslovekia........... Salicia, .oovonennnan., Zoland. co. wows ene Ukraine. ............ BA 3erbo-Croatia....... Total........ P.c. who arrived nefore 1901 17-34 59-18 7-99 i4-31 17-08 10-62 41-10 4.91 27-23 5-31 8.63 13-16 21-54 12-80 17-11 2.19 12.03 16-01 10-48 11-62 17.50 5-08 15.81 Table 28 shows the percentage of the foreign born in Canada in 1921 who had arrived prior to 1901, and the average number of years which the immigrants arriving in Canada subsequent to that date had been resident in this country. Considerable care was ‘taken in preparing the figures in column number 2. The census tabulated the number of immigrants by specified periods of arrival and the ealculation was based on that tabu- lation. The immigration figures for separate countries of birth were used to determine the average length of time which the immigrants of 1901 to 1910 and 1911 to 1914 had been in Canada, and for the later periods, the chronological centre was arbitrarily used for all nativity groups. While an error was thus introduced in’ certain cases, it was not considered to invalidate seriously the final result, as the numbers immigrating to Canada during the latter years of the last decade were exceedingly small. By making use of the two columns in Table 28 a more accurate idea of the length of residence of the various immigrant peoples in Canada may be obtained. For example, nearly 50 p.c. of those of Icelandic birth resident in Canada in 1921 came to this country before 1901, and of the remaining 40 p.c. who came after that date, the great bulk arrived early in the present century. As contrasted with the Icelanders only a little over 5 p.c. of the Greeks in Canada at the date of the census arrived before 1901, and of the 95 pc. who ame after 1901 the average length of residence was only 9.5 years, as opposed to 14 years for those of Icelandic birth. The distribution of the Germans tends to be similar to that of the Icelanders, while that of the Italians and Bulgarians approximates to that of the Greeks. Now there are four causes which might combine to explain such differences. First, mmigration from one country may have been earlier than from another. Second, the leath rate among older immigrants may have been higher for one country of birth than ‘or another. Third, in certain cases large numbers of the earlier immigrants have returned ‘0 their homeland or emigrated to some other part of the world, leaving only the more recent arrivals, while the majority of immigrants from certain other countries have settled in Canada for life. In the fourth place, the average number of vears of residence would 744998