132 ORIGINS AND INTERMARRIAGE IN THE REGISTRATION AREA — ee —— (5) Rural and Urban Distribution—This is to some extent a matter of “ origin ”, using the term, of course, in its broad sense. Certain groups, as we find them in Canada at least, are essentially urban and others are predominantly rural. Special reference will be made to this factor in the subsequent discussion. (6) Segregation—The herd instinct is much more highly developed with some of the foreign stocks in Canada than with others. It is in evidence among rural people as well as among urban. By merely reducing the chance of meeting and mixing with other people, it is a great hindrance to intermarriage, and, when coupled with social and cultural characteristics incompatible with Canadian ideas, it is a barrier of the first importance. Returning now to the table showing the extent to which the various stocks under review had measured up to expectation in respect to intermarriage, let us first note those at the top and those at the bottom of the list, and then see what light is thrown on the subject by such of the differences as are capable of statistical treatment. Tn 7 cases out of 19 the amount of intermarriage up to 1921 exceeded expectation. All of those groups, except the Czechoslovaks, are North Western Europeans. With the excep- tion of the Dutch and Icelanders, those showing percentages less than 100 are South, Eastern and Central Europeans. The broad statement is justified that those of North Western European origin, as presently located in Canada, are distinctly more amenable to assimi- lation by marriage with other stocks, while with the South, Eastern and Central Europeans assimilation is abnormally difficult. Moreover, these differences in assimilability are of no mean order. Confining attention io foreign stocks of numerical importance in Canada, one finds that intermarriage for the Swedes and Danes exceeded the expected amount by 75 p.c; that for the Austrians fell short by 42 pe. and the figure for the Ukrainians was 61 p.c. below expectation. From 75 p.c. above expectations to 61 p.c. below is a wide spread, and denotes a great gulf between such important groups as the Swedes and Ukrainians in respect to assimilability bv inter- marriage with other peoples in ‘Canada. When the several stocks are arranged in linguistic groups some interesting facts appear. Scandinavian— Swedish....vveeiiociaenanns Danish......... wigEEs Norwegial.......coaeernee Icelandic. .....covevennnnns Jermanic— Belgian. ..ovvveiirernaeer oo German. ..ovvemeenesrens Dutch. .....oovveinans Latin and Greek— Ttalian......... Roumanian........ Slavie— Czechoslovak... EEUBBIL. cvs nim smn Jerbo-Croatian...... Polish......cocvnuvron- Augtrian......... Ukrainian... .... Origin Actual intermarriage as percentage of expected for males) 176 173 101 48 538 109 89 97 aq 102 a8 8 74 58 aa All of Scandinavian and Germanic extraction except the Icelandic and Dutch show percentages above expectation (100 p.c.); all the Latin and Greek and Slavie peoples except the Czechoslovaks show percentages below. This seems to be conclusive evidence of the -xistence of differences as between the groups of stocks in regard to assimilability by inter~ marriage with other stocks in Canada. For the first two, racial characteristics and geogra- phical distribution favour intermarriage and in several cases to a very marked degree; for che lattter two they are unfavourable and for a number of important origins notably so. Segregation—The exceptional cases call for comment. Three of them, namely, the feelanders Ukrainians and Dutch. are splendid illustrations of the influence of segregation.