COSTS OF PRODUCING SUGAR BEETS 
11 
Aume covered with removable boards. As needed, the beets are 
carried into the factory from the bins by the swift current of the 
water in the flume. 
The process of manufacture consists of cleaning and slicing the 
beets, placing the slices in large cylinders and extracting the sugar 
by diffusion. This is 2ccomplished by successive treatments with 
hot water. The extract is clarified by treatment with suitable 
chemicals, the sludge-like precipitated material removed by filter- 
ing, and the clean juice evaporated under reduced pressure until a 
mass of sugar crystals has been formed. The sugar is finally sepa- 
rated from the molasses by centrifugals. After several strikes of 
sugar have been obtained, the molasses is further desugarized by 
other processes. From the centrifugal machine the sugar is sent 
to the driers, where excess moisture is removed by a current of warm 
air. The sugar is then ready to be sacked and sent to market. In 
Europe, where raw beet sugar is produced in many factories, the 
product is sent to a refinery for manufacture into the final product 
in much the same manner as raw cane sugar is refined in the United 
States, where (and to some extent in Germany) the beet-sugar fac- 
tories themselves turn out the final product. 
The principal by-products of beet-sugar manufacture are beet 
pulp, which may be fed to stock wet or may be dried for stock feed, 
and molasses, which is highly valued as a stock feed and for manu- 
facture into such products as alcohol, fusel oil, and vinegar.