68 NATIONAL ORIGINS PROVISION OF IMMIGRATION LAW 
Doctor FriepeNwarp. I can not answer your question. I do not 
know enought about it. 
Senator Reep. Just to sum it up, then, Doctor, your personal 
opinion is that you do not believe in the Literacy test; you do not 
believe in the numerical limitation of Immigration; you do not 
know whether it is fair or unfair to give Germany a quota 50 per 
cent bigger than Great Britain and northern Ireland, and you do 
not know any method that you think is preferable to the national 
origins, but you do not like that. That summarizes your feelings? 
Doctor FriepENwarp, N. 0; it does not in any way, shape, or form. 
I prefer to summarize my views for myself, if you want my views; 
and I have not stated anything along that line. and if I did, IT did 
it by inadvertence. 
Senator Reep. Where is the error in what I sald, in that summary ¢ 
Doctor Frieveswarp. I said as to the literacy test that I had 
grave doubt of the efficacy of the literacy test, and my answer to 
you would be along that same line. I do not knew, Senator, I am 
not prepared to state it. I said to you I have not enough informa- 
tion, and for that reason, I say that it is a most important question, 
important to every citizen of the United States. 
Now, if you, after studying all these years, have not determined 
that the present basis is correct, then let us all get together, all the 
people who are interested in immigration or want to restrict it or 
want to allow the bars to be lowered more than they are now, and 
see if there is not some basis on which we can come to an agreement 
or an understanding. 
Senator Reep. Doctor, I have not the slightest doubt about it. I 
think the national-origins method is workable. I think it is fair, 
and I think it is high time it should be into effect, 
Doctor FriepENwaLD. Then, I presume if you can convince enough 
other Members of Congress to agree with you, it will go through. 
As I said before, I think it ig unworkable, and one of the prin- 
cipal reasons is this: it is so indefinite; it can be made to mean 
so much or so little, that after all, its operation will be in the hands 
of a group in the Department of Commerce, Department of Labor, 
or the Immigration Bureau. 
Now, then, I do not know but what some designing people might 
be able to influence, perfectly legitimately, by argument the man 
in charge of the interpretation and the operation of the law, to 
make it operate entirely differently from what it is intended by the 
men who enacted it. 
Senator Reep. Have you seen the quotas they have tabulated in 
the report of 1928¢ 
Doctor Friepexwarp. I have seen them; that is all T can say. 
Senator Rep. Can you point to any one of them that is not there 
or is incorrect? 
Doctor Friepenwarp. No; I can not, sir. Because I have not ex- 
amined them with sufficient care. 
Senator Rep. I think that is all, Mr. Chairman. 
The Cramrman. At this point I will put in the record various 
responses made by people who were sent invitations to be here, with 
views presented by those people. 
(The communications referred to are as follows:)