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the car bodies, types, springs and 
sundry accessories, but not the chassis, 
engine, ete. It should be the aim of 
soth countries that Australia should 
produce, when the demand and local 
industrial conditions warrant it, 
further parts of the car until possibly 
the whole manufacture is carried out 
in Australia, thus finding work for 
more people (probably British 
migrants) and British capital. Mean- 
while, effective preference might be 
given to the British manufacturers on 
those parts of motor cars which Aus- 
tralia cannot make for herself. Other 
nstances might be given as a result 
of our investigation, such as in the 
textile, ceramic, iron and steel in- 
Justries. 
17. There is certainly not a proper 
nnderstanding to-day in Great Britain 
»f the possibilities of trade with 
Australia. On our return we shall 
iope to use such influence as we 
oossess to recommend individual manu- 
facturers to establish closer relations 
with Australia; and our views as to 
the best methods of promoting trade 
will be available for British trade 
associations and others interested. 
H. Tre Civin SERVICES. 
1. In the course of our inquiries we 
nave naturally been brought into con- 
tact with many members of the Com- 
monwealth and State Civil Services, 
and we take this opportunity of ex- 
pressing our gratitude to them for the 
full information which they have 
afforded and for the courtesy which 
they have shown to us. We have also 
had interviews with the several Public 
Service Commissioners and have made 
specific inquiries into the method of 
recruitment, promotion and control of 
the Civil Services; and we venture to 
vive our opinions on this topic both 
because we consider that a capable 
Civil Service is an essential part of 
a well ordered system of administra- 
tion in any country and because in 
Australia, with its multiplicity of 
Governments, the functions of a civil 
servant, although they may be circum- 
scribed, are in some respects more diffi- 
sult to perform than in countries 
where political pressure is less directly 
felt. This pressure is inevitably hard 
to resist by Governments responsible to 
a comparatively small population, and 
thus easilv exnosed to local influences. 
one another with exceptional rapidity. 
Government administration is a com- 
plicated and skilled business and if a 
Government wishes to obtain the ser- 
vices of efficient men in such a business 
it has, like any other employer, to 
pay the price for that efficiency which 
it would command in the ordinary 
sommercial world. This is self-evident, 
hut it is made additionally clear by 
;he necessity which Governments have 
sxperienced of paying large salaries 
vhen they have needed to attract 
sapable men of mature age from com- 
nercial or other activities, especially 
such as are required in connection 
with technical subjects. The class of 
nan necessary for Government admin- 
strative work has to be caught young 
wd properly trained. In Australia 
there are many Cabinet Ministers con- 
;rolling Government departments who, 
ywing to their preliminary training, 
san, in effect, merely direct policy, 
ieaving the expert to run the depart- 
ment efficiently, just as the chairman 
of directors of a business often re- 
juires a general manager to supervise 
ts details, 
3. We have been greatly struck by 
she capacity and devotion of the 
senior civil servants with whom we 
aave been brought in contact, yet our 
inquiries lead us. gravely to doubt 
whether the system followed in Aus- 
sralia sets out to attract the best 
available talent to the Civil Services. 
We, do not think that the most ad- 
vanced democratic theory can reason- 
ably prompt anv obiection to a genuine 
2. The true function of the senior 
civil servant, as distinguished from the 
clerical or junior staff of every Govern- 
ment «department, is not only to pro- 
vide the necessary administrative ex- 
perience, but to act as a link in con- 
tinuity of policy between successive 
Ministers and successive Governments, 
who in Australia, owing to her institu- 
tion of triennial Parliaments, follow