249 
was, we read, ‘‘the fixing of the jama-i dahsala.” We then 
read that local prices used to be reported regularly for use in 
commutation, and that, as the Empire extended, delays in the 
reports caused dissatisfaction, while some of the reporters were 
suspected of “straying from the path of rectitude.” Thus the 
emergency was the same: and it is added that the officials were 
helpless, but that Akbar himself solved the problem. 
In both records then, and I have found no other account, 
the jama-i dahsala is named as furnishing an alternative to 
commutation; and, since we know what the actual alternative 
was, we must infer that this known alternative could be described 
officially by this title. How the title can have come into use, 
is a question which must be reserved until the remaining para- 
eraph has been discussed. 
APPENDIX E 
[E] 
TRANSLATION. From the 15th to the 24th year “they” 
added up the mahsil-s dahsala, and took 1/10th of that as 
harsala; 
but “they” took the 2oth to 24th years as ascertained, 
and the five previous from the statements of upright men. 
And also taking into account the [figures known as] mal-s 
jins-t kamil, “they” took the year which was greatest, as the 
table shows. 
[NTERPRETATION. Mabhsiil obviously cannot mean “produce” 
in this context, and must be taken as Demand. The first two 
clauses are plain. An average was struck of the Demand for 
ten years. Actual figures for the last five were available, 
because, as we have seen, most of the provinces had been brought 
ander direct administration by orders issued in the 1gth 
year; for the earlier years there would not be complete figures 
for Demand, because most of the country was then assigned, 
and consequently it would be necessary to collect whatever 
data were available, presumably from qaningos and from 
managers employed by assignees. Clearly, then, the Ain speaks 
of averaging the Demand, and not the demand-rates, because 
the rates were on record (they are in Ain Nazdahsala), for the 
whole period, and collection of secondary data for them would 
not have been required. 
Interpretation of the third clause depends on the reading 
adopted. Here, Blochmann'’s text is not supported by any of 
the MSS. I have consulted, and is contradicted by Or. 2169,