1064 PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM SCRIPTA VARIA - 28 
by values five times greater, and the range which has been consi- 
dered is not sufficient. With correct values of the b the results would 
be much lower. 
MAHALANOBIS 
I think this is a very important question and I should like to 
congratulate Professor LEONTIEF for the presentation of his paper. 
But I find some difficulty because he has not stated explicitly the 
population figures as my observations would depend possibly on the 
factual basis of the partition into the developed and the underdeve- 
loped. Using a notional figure of three thousand million as the total 
population of the world, I am asking whether China has been in- 
cluded with six hundred million, again as a notional figure? 
Secondly, assuming that some rates of growth of population have 
been used, whether such growth was taken into account in estimating 
the effect on income? 
The conclusion is-that the rate will be such and such, and 20 
or 25 billion (??) dollars of aid would be required per year. What 
is the implication? Does the aid have to continue almost indefinitely? 
What I am really trying to do is to bring in the well-known concept 
of assisted take-off. Now supposing that there would be an assisted 
take-off in 15 or 20 years, what would be the total effort required? 
This seems to me to be a realistic and important question. 
HEIL 
I am much interested in Professor LEONTIEF’s paper, partly be- 
cause it is so close to an analysis which I carried out myself a num- 
ber of years ago (published in English in the International Economic 
Review). ! was much‘impressed by the large differences in the per 
capita incomes of the various countries. Accordingly, my criterion 
was to reduce the variance of the logarithmic per capita income 
13] Leontief - pag. 26