WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 35

rather than the one under which he lives. That does not in any sense
apply to this organization, nor in my opinion to any of the Mexican
people in Texas.
The Cratrman. I am very glad to hear that, because here our
trouble, Mr. Garner, is the literal carrying out of dual allegiance.
Mr. Garner. I agree with that, and I am sure that every loyal
American citizen, or every decent man or woman, could not tolerate
that for a moment, and I have had some contact with Mexican
citizens, Mexican people, for the last 35 years, and I am sure nothing
of that kind exists. Of course, there is always a sympathy with the
old country that they come from, just as there is with an Irishman
or an Englishman or a German or Frenchman or anyone else. That
sympathy probably exists.
The CuairMaNn. And especially the Scotchman.
Mr. Garver. I think so myself. [Laughter.]
_ I am very much obliged, Mr. Chairman, for your kindness in hearing
 these gentlemen at this time. They did not come here for the
particular purpose of appearing before your committee; but being
here, I thought it quite appropriate and proper that they might give
you the sentiments of that territory which they so thoroughly represent,
 and that they might tell you of our economic conditions down
there. You will recall that I had the honor of appearing before your
committee and explaining it once before, and before you conclude
your hearings I hope to come over here and occupy probably 10
minutes in giving you my own views upon this subject.
The Cuairman. Thank you, sir.
Mr. Garner. 1 will introduce Judge Yates of Brownsville, for the
purpose of making a statement.

STATEMENT OF HENRY L. YATES. BROWNSVILLE, TEX.
Mr. YaTes. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I live in Brownsville,
Tex., and I am a lawyer by profession.
The CuairMaN. And you have lived in Texas for a long time?
vo Yarss. I was born in Texas, yes, sir, and have lived there all
my life.
The Cuamrman. You feel qualified to explain to this committee
something about the population conditions and labor conditions and
social conditions in the country around Brownsville?
Mr. Yates. Yes, sir; I believe I am.
The CrairMaN. Brownsville is on the border?
Mr. Yares. It is, yes, sir.
The CralRMAN. You may proceed in your own way for 10 minutes,
Mr. Yates. Really, Mr. Chairman, I am making a plea in selfdefense
 for my community economically. That is the main purpose
for the statements that I will make.
The Lower Rio Grande Valley—that is as we designate it and as
Congressman Garner referred to it—consists of about four counties
in the Rio Grande Delta, and it has a highly specialized agriculture.
That condition is based upon three fundamental economic conditions.
First, a climatic condition which permits the raising of oranges,
grapefruit, citrus fruit generally, and winter crops of truck and vegeables,
 such as lettuce, tomatoes, potatoes, onions, beets, carrots, and
so forth.