WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 65
negroes from Porto Rico, because the Filipinos are quarrelsome and
ageressive,
The Cuairman. Now, you said that the Mexican domiciles temporarily
 in the United States or part of the United States. I take
t you meant he is climbing up in the standard of living.
Mr. CuaNDLER. Yes.
The CrairmaN. It is improving him to be in the United States?
Mr. CuanpLER. Yes, sir.
The Cuarrman. That would be a slow process, but in the course
of time, everything else being equal, he would be still higher.
Mr. Cuanprer. But they do not stay.
The CrairMaN. Now, do not more of them stay each year?
Mr. CeanpLEr. No. can notgive the figures, but I think about two
and a half times as many Mexicans have returned to Mexico this
year as have come in.
The Cuairman. Now, as a matter of fact, is not a very considerable
proportion of the Mexicans pushing on from Arizona and New Mexico,
for instance, into Los Angeles, where they drive wagons and do that
kind of worl?
Mr. CaanpLer. Well, they have always done a large part of our
labor in Los Angeles, from the early days up until to-day, and yet
shere is not as great a proportion now as there was 50 years ago.
The Cuairman. Now they are pushing on and our information is
they are getting into Utah, and from there pushing on to Montana
to get into the mines, and pushing up from Texas and getting into
Kansas, Oklahoma, Towa and Michigan; and are from those places
being sucked into cities like Detroit. Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Johnstown,
 Pa.; and Youngstown, Ohio. So we are inclined to think that
the suction is placing permanently into the United States more and
more every year those who come for other than itinerant reasons.
Mr. Craxprer. I Ho not know, of course, about these other points
in the United States. But I do know that our Mexicans coming into
southern California do not as a rule stay more than a few months, or a
year or two.
Mr. ScuneipER. But you are not sure just where they go.
Mr. CaanpLer. They go back home.
Mr. ScunemEeR. Do they all go back home?
Mr. CuanpLER. Their hope all the time is to go back to Mexico.
Mr. Scuveiper. How do you account, then, for all these Mexicans
who are employed on the railroads throughout the Middle West and
the far West? How do they get into the country?
Mr. CuanpreEr. They come in themselves. They come in all
along the border, and a great many of them are coming now in
“flivvers”, driving in with their families and they camp and then
drive home when the job is over.
Mr. ScENEIDER. You say there are living in Los Angeles 150,000
or 200,000 Mexicans now?
Mr. CeaNDpLER. I think we have estimated between 150,000 and
200,000; yes, sir. (
Mr. ScuNEIDER. ‘What number did you have in Los Angeles
County 10 years ago of Mexicans?
Mr. CuaNpLER. Our percentage of Mexicans has been growing
less all the time, because our American population has been increasing
very rapidly.