WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 67

Mr. ScuNeibER. What was that thorough examination for?
Was that for the purpose of protection of animals and vegetation in
this country?
_ Mr. CuaxpLer. It was to protect against disease, or the bringing
in of any weevil that would attack the cotton.
Mr. SceNEIDER. In other words, it is to protect the cotton?
Mr. Cuanprer. All their clothing was fumigated, because they did
not want them to bring in disease or anything that would be infectious.
Mr. Scanrrper. Those examinations were largely done by the
Agricultural Department with the idea of protecting the agricultural
ay rather than protection against an influx of an undesirable
people?
Mr. CHANDLER. It was both—both the Immigration Department
and T think the quarantine officers were acting together. But, in
any event, they kept this family, our foreman said, so long being
fumigated and such things that before they got across they had used
up all their money, and they did not have the required amount of
cash to come in under the rules. So they lost out after all.
Mr. Scuneiper. Do you know the percentage of these people
living in Los Angeles who are citizens—that is, what percentage of
them are citizens of the United States, of about 200,000 Mexicans?
Mr. CHANDLER. 1 can not answer that question. But all our old
Mexicans born there—and many of them were there before we
Americans came—are all citizens, of course. But I do not think any
of these Mexicans coming in as seasonal labor have applied for
citizenship.
Mr. Scanemper. I am talking about the 200,000 who are permanently
 domiciled in Los Angeles County. Would you say that
two-thirds of them have come in in the last 10 years, or have they
become citizens, or are they still aliens?
Mr. CuanpLER. They are still aliens, because they have not stayed
10 years. These have come in for a year or two years, earned some
money, and then gone back; and that 1s the way it goes along.
The CuairMAN. The Los Angeles Times does not take very kindly
to the proposals of this committee. I find in the edition of Friday
morning, the 15th, this editorial paragraph and long article (reading):
Chairman Johnson talks about providing a homogeneous population for the
United States.
The population of the United States in round numbers now is
120,000,000, and I think it will be shown that the black, yellow, and
brown peoples in the United States are a little more than one-tenth,
but the problem is not how to make them all homogeneous; it is how
to reduce the nonassimilable, how to hold it; and the chairman, for
one, feels that every step that can be taken to guarantee as to the
future of the United States that will reduce additions to the people,
that will tend to disharmonizing a unified people should be taken.
Mr. CuanpLEr. Chairman Johnson, right there, it has seemed to
me always that because these men are mostly of Indian blood, these
Mexicans who come in, they offer less of a problem than any other
people brought into the country. Our Indians did not make a
problem.
The CrairMaN. They kept the United States Army rushing everywhere
 west of the Missouri River from 1850 to 1875.