WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 73

in their veins they are white, while here if anyone has colored blood
in their veins they are colored. What is the rule as to Mexicans?
Mr. CuanpLieR. There are no color lines. The color applies to
what we call the colored race, and I do not think it has ever been
applied to alien races.
Mr. Gisson. I think it has in—-Mr.
 CuanpLEr. I mean in the United States. *
Mr. ScaNEIDER. According to our rule, there are no whites in
Mexico; is not that true?
Mr. CuanprLeEr. Well, about 85 per cent of the population in
Mexico are of Indian blood; and the other 15 per cent are the most
cultured people on the continent, usually educated abroad, and as a
rule they are the ruling class in Mexico, the greatest aristocrats in
the world.
Mr. Scaneiper. They make a lot of claims, but are they white?
Mr. CuanpLER. These Spanish aristocrats are white.
The CuamrMaN. You are a member of the Barnes committee, an
executive committee of the large committee assembled by the President
 to find ways and means to keep construction work going?
Mr. CHANDLER. Yes, sir.
The CuairmMaN. That committee was sitting yesterday?
Mr. CHANDLER. Yes, sir.
The CualrMAN. Is the object of the program to keep building
operations going? Is it to provide employment for people?
Mr. Cuanprer. To keep industries going and employment, of
course, is part of the program.
The CramrMaN. The ides is to keep industries and construction
ap to key?
Mr. CuanorLeEr. To keep the United States a going concern.
The CuairmaN. What is to be gained by a program of that kind,
carried on earnestly by the big men of the country, if we use an increasing
 amount of alien labor mn this country? What is to be gained?
Mr. Cuanprer. Of course that is going into a very profound subject,
 Mr. Chairman, and I could not possibly cover it in a moment.
I think I should differentiate between permanent American workers
and the seasonal labor that comes in to help us in a pinch. If we
got people here for half a year and kept them employed for that
length of time, and then, for a half year they would be out of employment,
 I see nothing that would be gained. However, there are no
other people we can bring in and use in this work. There is no
orange grower that wants to bring in Mexican labor to do his orange
picking. Every man, who can, does his own work and prefers to
use his own help if he can use it. But there are no white men to pick
oranges.
The CHAIRMAN. But if there were no Filipinos or Mexican people
to do it, the white people would have to pick them. would they not?
Mr. CuaNDLER. We can not get them.
The CuatrMaN. Then, is it not a fact that we are proceeding too
rapidly in industries of this kind?
Mr. CuanpLER. Overexpansion in these industries is one of our
great troubles.
The CuairmaN. Exactly, and are you not increasing the cotton
areas in San Joaquin Valley and the Imperial Valley?