WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 89

problem, as you say, the conquest of New England by the immisrants—that
 is to say, the immigrant and his immediate successors
next in line, are in the majority in New England——
Mr. Brewer. I should say so. 3
The CuaIRMAN (continuing). And that means the old New England
type which has contributed so much to the history of the United
States, is declining.
Mr. GiesoN. But is not that true all over the United States?
The Cuamman. 1 do not know.
Mr. Gipson. There is published a comparative statement of the
number of foreign born, or if native born, the children of foreign
parents, in the New England States. I wonder if you could not put
that into the record?
The CrarrMan. I will not push that any further. I might say
that when I was a member of the Committee on the Census, I had
one of the greatest difficulties I ever encountered, in requiring the
present census figures to show those statistics. It is a tremendous
labor to get them up, but I think it is one of our most important
statistics.
Mr. GissoN. Do I understand you, Mr. Brewer, to say that there
was a great amount of unemployment in New England?
Mr. Brewer. I understand that the statistics distributed by the
Department of Labor would indicate that there is not, but my personal
 observation would indicate that there is some unemployment.
Mr. GissoN. In northern New England?
Mr. Brewer. I am not informed.
Mr. Gieson. With the exception of the centers, where machinery
1s manufactured, there was never so much unemployment—I will
not say never, but for years, so much unemployment.
Mr. BrREwER. I am not surprised to hear that.
Mr. Gisson. The chairman asked you about gangs in control of
cities. Do you link up immigration with gang control of cities.
Mr. Beewer. Past immigration.
Mr. Gisson. Undesirable immigration?
Mr. BReEwER. Yes, sir.
Mr. GiBsoN. Are these immigrants—many of them communists?
Mr. Brewer. Some of them are. I am inclined to think that a
larger part of the so-called communistic groups are half-hearted
followers of agitators and radicals, and if properly approached, would
desert the groups; that is, communism 1s not a heartfelt conviction
on their part.
Mr. GiBsoN. Do you realize that the communists are busy in every
center of population in this country?
Mr. Brewer. I know it.
Mr. Gisson. Let me call your attention to one thing. They are
working now with the colored people particularly.
Mr. Brewer. I understand so.
_ Mr. Gisson. Within two weeks there came into the city of Washington
 a group from around Newark, N. J. They went into the
eighth police precinct and hired the colored Pythian temple, and
staged an interracial ball, and invited white men to dance with colored
women, and white women to dance with colored men, to impress upon
the colored people the absolute equality of the races. There were
something like 100 who attended the dance.