WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 91

We feel, expressing it particularly from the agricultural point of
view, that the Mexican is not essentially a menace to what we call
the American agricultural standard. I am not speaking of American
social or educational standpoints, but from the agricultural standpoint.
 The American more and more, and I think desirably so, is
training his boy for managerial work. The average American does
not want his son or children or relatives to become exclusively or predominantly
 menial workers. Consequently, the record is full of the
enlightened and successful attempts of the American agriculturist to
put his enterprise on the basis of sufficient value or size to justify a
manager in charge of it, rather than a menial worker.
The use of the combined harvester and agricultural machinery
generally, and the putting of livestock into comparatively few hands,
while it does not assume a corporate capacity, it is a cooperative
capacity, where the American operator is using the same degree of
intelligence as the men in the steel or comparable industries.
So, the American farm boy is not looking forward to a future in
pulling weeds, and engaging in the other menial tasks which are a godsend
 to many of our Mexican neighbors across the border.
I thought I would mention that because my more or less intimate
knowledge of the American agriculturist convinces me that his
ambition for his children lies in a managerial direction, and more and
more since the war the American farm boy, if he is not employed in
a managerial capacity, is going into trade, and is taking the place of
the English lads, who, for centuries, have enjoyed preferred trade
relations with South America, and the rest of the world.
Now, in agriculture, and on the railroads, particularly in those
occupations, which, by virtue of the presence of dust, or excessive
heat, or temporary employment, are unwelcome to the American
laborer in general, the Mexican seems an almost providential source
of supply to industry, and therefore, to the extent that——
The CramrMAN. Do you really think it is providential?
Doctor PrrersoN. 1 really have no basis for determining that,
Mr. Chairman.
The CuarrMAN. You are a student and a highly educated man.
Let me say this to you: Personally, I know a great deal about Utah,
and am proud of the work you have done in the college there. As
2 student of agriculture, do you not know that practically all countries
 have allowed undesirable immigrants to come in, under the
guise of menial labor, and, from that start, have inherited a multitude
of agitators, and adventurers, from the tine of Egypt on down?
Doctor Prrerson. Yes, sir; but the Mexican does not endanger
the independence of the American citizens at all.
The Cuairman. Not vet; no.
Doctor Pererson. No.
The CrairMaNn. That map on the wall there [indicating] shows by
the shaded portions, the territory that has been acquired by the
United States, either by war and conquest, through the Gadsden
purchase, or other means, and you know that Utah is included in
that territory. It is a fact, is it not, when Brigham Young took
hat settlement into what then belonged to Mexico——
Docter Pererson. Yes.
we, CHAIRMAN (continuing). Brigham Young knew it belonged to
Mexico.
Doctor PErErsoN. Yes. sir.