WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 125

thought it was having on the people back here by associating with
them. I told you that our men have been associating with them ever
since we had a State, and I think they are a very high type of men.
Mr. ScunepEr. You think that is true of the association, of the
farm bureaus all through the States, that it is the same, and you think
the effect will be same under the legislation you are asking, that the
Mexicans be admitted to the country?
Mr. Winey. I can only say that the American Farm Bureau,
which covers the entire United States, has by resolution protested
against this shutting off of Mexican labor.
Mr. Scuneiper. Can you produce that resolution and put it in
the record?
Mr. Wirey. I do not have it with me. I understand that Mr.
Chester Gray is going to do that. He told me so yesterday.
This Porto Rican experiment I have mentioned cost us farmers
about $70,000.
Mr. EsterLy. How much did it cost the rest of the United States
to have them unloaded on them? :
Mr, WiLky. I could not give you the figures. They unloaded most
of them in Arizona, and this cost I spoke of was getting them over
here. It was not after we got them there.
Mr. Scaneiper. What do you mean by “getting them over here’’?
Mr. Winey. Transportation and food while they were coming.
Mr. ScaneipeEr. From Mexico?
Mr. WiLey. From Porto Rico.
Mr. Scungiper. Oh!
Mr. WiLey. I would like to point this out to the committee——as to
our farming in that section of the country. The climate is so intensely
hot that we have not been able to find any labor except Mexican labor
that would work in the fields there, and do any great amount of
manual labor; but at the same time, due to that condition, it makes
our farming a continuous operation. We have to consider it as one
program. [t is like running a factory; and the shortage of labor
forces us to hold our long-staple cotton in the field from two to four
months longer than it should be held, and the farmer simply loses
the use of the land while that is being held. If he could pick all the
cotton when it is open, and put the land into another crop, he could
go on producing something else.
In addition to that, he has quite a loss from weather damage.
We have tried to find a substitute for Mexican labor.
Mr. Johnson was kind enough several years ago down there to
advise us to do that. We have spent a lot of money trying to find a
substitute, and we have not been able to find one.
We feel this way, that if you gentlemen or any one else can find us
a substitute for Mexican labor, all well and good.
Mr. EsterLy. How about tractors? Do vou use them?
Mr. WiLey. Yes.
Mr. Esrerny. How many Mexicans do they displace?
Mr. WiLey. How many?
Mr. EsterLy. That is, in your cultivation of lettuce, for example?
Mr. WiLey. None.
Mr. Esterry. Then those advertisements of the International
Harvester Co. are not correct?
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