132 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

Mr. Mangum. I am raising cattle and have a ranch on both sides
of the river, one in Mexico and one in Texas. I have been in that
county for 40 years, with my home there. We work entirely Mexicans,
 and we can not get American labor there, anyway. It takes a
good while to make a cow puncher. It is a brush country, and the
cattle are wild, and it is not everybody that can handle cattle. The
white men have gone to other work, mostly into employment in the
irrigation service and the border patrol service of this country.
The CuatrmaN. The border patrol service?
Mr. Mancum. Yes; and we have left only the Mexican. We can
not get Americans. Americans can not stand the climate.
The CuairmaNn. There are only about 400 men in the immigration
border patrol.
Mr. Mangum. That has taken the best of them, and they have gone
into other pursuits. Our best men have gone to the border patrol
and the customs; men who are capable of managing ranches.
The Crarman. Do you own a large acreage in Texas?
Mr. Mangum. I own 30,000 acres in Texas,
The CramrmMaN. How much in Mexico?
Mr. MaNaum. I control 400,000 acres in Mexico.
The CrarrMaN. How much on this side?
Mr. Maneum. 30,000 acres.
The CrairMaN. And 400,000 on the other?
Mr. Mangum. Yes.
The Crarrman. How many do you employ on this side?
Mr. ManNGum. An average of about 20 fo 30 men on this side,
Mexicans, and 1 white man.
The CrarrMan. How many on the other side?
Mr. Maneum. Sixty, with one white manager.
The Cuatrman. How does the pay compare?
Mr. Maneum. I pay $2.50 a day on the average for the laborers
on this side and on the other side it varies from 60 pesos. which is
$30, to 150 pesos, and their board and keep.
The CrairMAN, Sixty pesos is $307?
Mr. Mangum. More or less, in silver.
The CuarrMaN. And that is less pay than on this side?
Mr. Mancum. Yes; less pay.
The Cramrman. Do many of the Mexicans on your property in
Mexico want to come over and work on this side?
Mr. Mancum. No; very few.
The CuatrMan. Do you have any trouble with them?
Mr. Mancum. No; no trouble. They are old-timers.
The Cuarrman. I am asking you if those on the Mexican side
would like to come over on this side to work? :
Mr. Mangum. They are satisfied on the Mexican side. I have
not had but one man in the last 10 years come to this side.
The Cuarrman. Those who are working on this side: are they
satisfied ?
Mr. Mangum. They are satisfied. Of course, there is some competition
 in the crop season. We lose labor at that time. They go
to work on the spinach and cabbage and various vegetable crops,
and those people pay more than we pay.
The CrairmMaN. What county are you in?