WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 151

1 will say further, that during the Civil War there were Mexicans
of California who volunteered in the Union Army and in the Confederate
 Army, some wearing the blue and some the gray; and I
appeal to you as a descendant of a Spanish régime; and I have an
only child whom I offered to our country.
The CHAIRMAN. You were born in California?-Mr.
 Pavomares. I was; I am proud to say.
The CrairMaN. And you have lived there a long time?
Mr. Paromares. All my life.
The CrairMaN. Don’t you remember some of the early Senators
from California argued that the State could not exist without Chinese
abor?
Mr. Pavomares. I do not know; that was before my time.
The CrairmaN. Then California came out against Chinese labor,
and later against other oriental labor. What is your experience
about that?
Mr. Paromares. 1 was not in the service then.
The Crarrman. Were you not engaged in some branch of the service
 when the questions were up about the Japanese and the other
working people there?
Mr. Paromares. I have only been a resident of San Joaquin
Valley for the last three or four years. During the time I was a State
official we had no trouble.
The CuairMaN. You have had some trouble in Salinas Valley?
Mr. Paromargs. Yes.
The Cuairman. That is to the north of you.
Mr. Paromares. North and west.
The Crairman. What is the trouble there?
Mr. Paromargs. There the trouble is more of a social nature.
The Cuairman. That is due to the Filipinos?
Mr. ParLomarEs. Yes, sir.
The CuairmaN. The Filipino gets in and begins paying social
attentions to the white people?
Mr. Pavomares. Yes, sir. It breaks out everywhere on the Pacific
coast, Washington and California.
Last summer, in the month of July, one of our growers came and
said he wanted white labor. There 1s a little public park where my
office is, and I said: “I will send my employee out.” We asked every
Person there if they did not want to pick peaches at 40 cents an hour,
and that the farmer would take them to the place of emplovment.
They said:
Let the farmer bring his peach trees here; and if he will bring his trees up here
Where it is cool we will pick them.
Only two of them went over.
Mr. Scaneiper. Were they working people?
Mr. Pavomares. They were citizens of the United States of Nordic
extraction. They are of the kind that creates all the trouble.
Mr. Free. Is it not a fact that we maintain in California, employment
 bureaus run by the Government of the United States and by the
State of California, and that the very people sitting around and
Waiting for jobs, when you go to them and offer them jobs absolutely
refuse to AR A them?