162 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

about stopping the Chinese; and a little further back they said that
Jibody on earth could work the plantations of the South but the
acks.
Mr. ScanEipeR. And they always wanted to stop any action.
Me. EsterLY. What kind of people work in the mines of Colorado?
What nationality are they?
Mr. Austin. I do not know. I am not familiar with that, :
Mr. EsterLY. Do Mexicans work in those mines?
Mr. Austin. I could not tell you. I am the secretary of the beet
sugar association and have my office in Washington. I am not
familiar with mining conditions.
Mr. Esterny. You will find that the Mexicans do work in the mines
of Colorado.and Montana and particularly in Arizona.
What do you get for your dried beet pulp that you sell to dairies?
Mr. Austin. That varies. I think it is about $30 a ton.
Mr. EsterLy. That is dried pulp?
Mr. Austin. Yes.
Mr. Box. Doesit smell, after it is dried, as it does when it comes out
of the mill?
Mr. Austin. No. They sell the wet pulp, I think, for 50 cents to
$1 a ton direct to the farmers.
Mr. Box. What is it in Colorado?
Mr. Austin. I do not know.
Mr. Box. What could you buy it for?
Mr. Austin. 1 do not know what the price would be.
Mr. EsterLy. Belgian beet pulp is sold, I understand, to-day at
$37 a ton.
Mr. Austin. I will say this, that I know that the Belgians, and 1
think some of the English factories, are sending quantities of pulp
over here and selling it in competition with the western beet-sugar
product. They can do that. They produce it over there and ship
1t across the ocean and sell it here for very much less than our people
can produce it for.
Mr. EsterLy. Are you getting more diversified farming from the
fact that you can buy that pulp in Colorado, and thus have dairies
there?
Mr. Austin. Very much more to-day.
Mr. Esterry. And does that render valuable help all the year
around?
Mr. Austin. Yes; and not only that, but it establishes a dairy
industry, and in establishing a dairy industry, you can improve the
condition of the soil, by using the manure of your cattle,
Mr. EsterrLy. Would that not tend to make a routine on the farm,
eventually, if you have a diversified farming operation?
Mr. Austin. Yes.
Mr. EsterLy. So that the time will come, possibly, when you would
not have to import these Mexican contract laborers?
Mr. Austin. As I say, we do not import these laborers because
they are cheap or anything of that sort. We would rather have a
stable population, as you suggest, as we used to have, some years ago,
with the Germans, Poles, and Russians, living ‘in the immediate
vicinity and establishing their little homes; and we believe that
eventually the invention of machinery will help us out on this labor