170 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

Mr. Canavgs. If you will pardon me, I will show you where it will,
because these facts have never been brought to you. I have come
here to give you the facts. As to climatic conditions, you take the
efficient labor in here, used to the climate ; they can unquestionably do
four times as much as the persons over there [indicating], and when
they first come down there they are enervated, because they come
into such conditions as they have never been in in their lives, such as
their ancestors were never in; and they require a certain time to
acclimate themselves and become as efficient as the native. There is
no question of that. That is true of that country there [indicating on
map], California, and toward Arizona. There is where they have
those conditions, where the day is so hot that you can almost cook an
egg in the sun at noon, and you almost freeze to death at night.
You remember the time we sent that punitive expedition into
Mexico. They said, “It is a hell of a country in there, where you
roast to death at noon and freeze to death at night.” There is the
condition. You can not place yourself there, and in six months
acclimate yourself so that you can do any kind of work, because
nature is against you. You have just to let yourself become acclimated;
 and when you do that, the superiority of the white race is
shown, as everywhere.
They tell you of that condition; and, Mr. Chairman, your bill may
remedy that situation. What you gentlemen want is facts, and you
are broad minded enough to make the necessary amendments. In
our condition there is not only the climate, Mr. Chairman, but also
the traditional rights exist; and also it comes within the abuse of
power in the authorities and the officials.
We had here the question of Porto Ricans. The Porto Ricans
may be good men, but when you place them in those conditions,
those people will require practically generations before they become
efficient to work. For that reason we prefer using native labor for
the present, until conditions arise which are different,
I come from that country, Mr. Chairman. When Texas was
annexed to the Union, they claimed that as a part of Texas. In
addition to that, the war took place, and that was added, naturally,
to Texas; but in the treaty they made this provision, which has been
unknown by the immigration authorities to-day, in your State
Department. It was provided in section 4 of the treaty with Mexico,
which is the treaty of Guadaloupe-Hidalgo, as follows [reading]:
Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty all
castles, forts, territories, places, and possessions, which have been taken or occupied
 by the forces of the United States during the present war, within the
limits of the Mexican Republic, as about to be established by the following
article, shall be definitely restored to the said Republic, together with all the
artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, and other public property, which
were in the said castles and forts when captured, and which shall remain there
at the time when this treaty shall be duly ratified by the government of the
Mexican Republic. To this end, immediately upon the signature of this treaty,
orders shall be dispatched to the American officers commanding such castles,
and forts, securing against the removal or destruction of any such artillery,
arms, apparatus of war, munitions, or other public property. The City of
Mexico, within the inner line of intrenchments surrounding the said city, is
comprehended in the above stipulation, as regards the restoration of artillery,
apparatus of war, ete.
The final evacuation of the territory of the Mexican Republic, by the forces
of the United States, shall be completed in three months from the said exchange
of ratifications, or sooner if possible; the Mexican Government hereby engaging,