WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 171

as in the foregoing article, to use all means in its power for facilitating such
evacuation, and rendering it convenient to the troops, and for promoting a good
understanding between them and the inhabitants.
If, however, the ratification of this treaty by both parties should not take
place in time to allow the embarcation of the troops of the United States to be
completed before the commencement of the sickly season, at the Mexican ports
on the Gulf of Mexico, in such case a friendly arrangement shall be entered into
between the general in chief of the said troops and the Mexican Government,
whereby healthy and otherwise suitable places, at a distanee from the ports not
exceeding 30 leagues, shall be designated for the residence of such troops as
may not yet have embarked, until the return of the healthy season. And the
space of time here referred to as comprehending the sickly season shall be
understood to extend from the lst day of May to the 1st day of November.
All prisoners of war taken on either side, on land or on sea, shall be restored
as soon as practicable after the exchange of ratifications of this treaty. It is
also agreed that if any Mexicans should now be held as captives by an savage
tribe within the limits of the United States, as about to be established by the
following article, the Government of the United States will exact the release of
such captives, and cause them to be restored to their country.
Mr. Canaves. Now, by that particular treaty Mexico not only ceded
that part of the territory but ceded the inhabitants there and gave
them a year. You see, Uncle Sam is consistent. They claimed it was
a part of the territory. Now, that situation with that population
arose. They came from just below where you have those black lines on
the map, there south of the river. They had there grants made by the
Spanish kings from Spain. They were what are called the Gothic
type of men. You find there the white people, and they did not mix
with the Indians, because the Indians at that time there were savages,
like ours; whereas the Indians in the central part of Mexico were
civilized. Prescott’s Conquest of Mexico will tell you about it.
These were wild Indians, and these people did not mix with them.
Those people have blue eves and brown, the people all in there south
of that line. i
The Spanish Government gave those people large tracts of land in
that part of the country, and some remnants have survived; but they
will live in these concentrated places on the south side of the Rio
Grande. My people came from there.
In 1771 my mother and sisters were granted 250 acres where Brownsville
 is now situated and as a part of that grant, and they have lived
in this country since 1771; but the country where my father’s people
came from, they came from a little town over there in 1660 and lived
there [indicating on map], and they bought tracts of land there.
When the war took place all these people were afraid, and they went
across; and this treaty was made granting these people owning land
there the right to become American citizens, but this was not made
public. The agencies of publicity did not exist at that time. Many
of them were American citizens and they did not know it, Mr. Chairman;
 and we did not know it until recently: and 1 did not know it until
I began to study the law.
These conditions existed there, so that these people were American
citizens in all that part of the territory, notwithstanding the fact that
the people from the north, there, regarded them as Mexicans. 1 will
show you how this treaty affects this district.
In 1922 or 1923 a man by the name of Flores was arrested by the
immigration agents. They asked him, “Where were you born?”
He said, “In Tampico.” “You are a Mexican citizen, and I will
put vou across the border.” He said, “1 am not a Mexican citizen.”