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educated and trained to be efficient labor. These facts have never
been brought in here before, and that is what I want to bring to you.
You have been told that we are against the Box bill and the Johnson
bill, and against this and against that. We are not against anything
that is just and right, that would take into consideration the local
conditions and apply common sense to them; but I do not care what
kind of a law you pass in there, because I do not believe it could be
any worse than it is to-day.
Mr. Scaneiper. How many of these people you speak of are there
over whom there is a dispute, with reference to their status as to
citizenship? Give us some facts about how many there are.
Mr. Canares. 1 will give you this. In many instances the question
 will arise, and before we know it they put them across the river;
and then when you are across the river you have no right to test
the proposition through habeas corpus, because a foreigner has no
rights in the courts. In that case I have told you of they were
caught before they got them over there. I give you the instance of
Flores, and I give you an instance where, in this last term of court—
the name is not in my mind now, but I can give you the name and
the number of the case—a young man was deported as being a
Mexican citizen. We developed absolutely, on the trial of his case,
these facts. He came back after he had been deported, and was
arrested for violation of the law, coming back after he had been
deported. Then he was arrested and tried before a jury—he asked
for a jury—and they proved—I want to say that I am not antagonistic
to anything that is right, in there. They say we are opposed to the
Johnson bill and to the Box bill; but we wanted to give you gentlemen
the facts, and I know if we give you the facts we can get justice in this
country, and you are able to give us justice: and just as worthv folks
as anybody in the world is.
Mr. Box. Nobody on this committee has any desire to injure any
locality. However, we can not allow local interests to prevail over
aational interests.
Mr. Cananges. 1 believe that those local interests can be adjusted
without doing violence to the rest of the country, and that is what I
am trying to show you, that justice can be rendered in your bill or in
the Johnson bill; and the question we have to-day is really more
serious to us under the immigration laws than possibly the condition
you would correct there.
In the case I speak of that boy was given a trial. He was acquitted
by the jury because we proved that he was born in this countrv and
was an American citizen. . CL
After he was acquitted on that, Mr. Chairman, the immigration
officer took him from the court and took him across the river, because
he had come back there; and they have exclusive jurisdiction there,
and they hold that their findings are sufficient, and that the courts
must go back to their findings for the future. Now, after the jury
had acquitted him and he had proved that he was an American citizen,
they put him across the river; and he is now across the river.
In a number of cases, if this committee will go to our section and
get from first-hand sources the real, actual facts in there, all this can
be cured without doing violence to the bill.
Again, we have conditions where they have taken hundreds of
Mexican laborers that have been here from 10 to 15 years. They go
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