WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 197

Bay, Monterey on the other, and Salinas Valley fits into the horseshoe.

The CualrMAN. Does former Senator Phelan live down that way?
Mr. Hart. He lives in Santa Clara Valley, which is just over the
range of mountains from Salinas Valley.
Mr. Free. Coming down from San Francisco you go through the
Janta Clara Valley, where I live; then you go over a little
range of mountains and drop right down into Salinas Valley, which
is a long valley in there and runs from—well, the city of Salinas is at
the head of the valley and the valley runs on down south to about
King City.
The CratrMaN. Now, you go over the Salinas Valley and you begin
to get toward the Joaquin Valley?
Mr. Hart. The: coast range mountains are in between that range
of mountains. There is a succession of valleys and there are two
ranges of mountains, a low range along the coast, another range about
the center of the State, and then the outer range of the Sierra Nevadas,
and the valleys are in between.
The CuarrMaN. I think this committee, or some members of it,
who are now left on the committee, were in that valley in 1920, when
there was considerable trouble with the Japanese, and I will ask you
row if the town where this murder was committed, the murder of a
Filipino, is not in the Salinas Valley?
Mr. Harr. No; it is just 20 miles away, in what is called Pajaro
Valley. The two valleys when they strike the ocean are almost
together. It is about 20 miles, less than 20 miles, from my home.
The Craraman. Are there many Filipinos in and around there?
Mr. Hart. There are too many, and they are coming in so fast—
well, I am just a farmer and I don’t know how to testify. I want to
tell you the truth; that is all, and if I get it backwards 1 want you to
understand it. But the Filipino is a poor laborer and he is a social
menace. 1 will talk about that later.
I want to bring this to you just as I see it from my angle and from
my community and from my relationship to my country as a whole.
The production on my ranch ranges per year from between 85 to
L100 cars of lettuce, besides miscellaneous tonnages of seed, peas,
onions, and garlic. I have farmed in the Salinas Valley since 1915.
At that time I was raising grain and beets. In 1917 I began the growing
 of sugar beets, and in 1923, along with a few others in the valley,
started to experiment with the growing of lettuce and truck crops.
The Salinas Valley in 1920, and previous to that time, was a producer
 of grain and hay with a considerable acreage of sugar beets and
potatoes along the river. The town of Salinas was a typical small
country town with two small warehouses for the handling of the
products in the valley. To-day the Salinas Valley is one of the largest
shippers of lettuce in the world, besides which they ship great tonnages
of other vegetables and seed. The town of Salinas has replaced its
two warehouses with 49 packing houses employing 2,500 men and
women, with 5 warehouses and seed-processing plants owned and
operated by the 5 largest seed companies In the United States, with
| cannery which employs 900 men and women during harvest season,
with 4 ice-manufacturing plants which manufacture 780,000 tons of
ice annually, or an amount equal to the consumption of a city of
500,000 inhabitants, this being used to ice the vegetables shipped.
Add to this Spreckles beet sugar factory, employing at its peak 1,200