198 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

men, and you will have a picture of what the introduction of stoop
labor has done for the white worker. I mean by “stoop labor” the
man who works in the fields and who stoops at his work.
Wages for the labor mentioned ranges from 40 cents to a dollar
and a quarter per hour, with extra time for overtime. This is white
labor I am referring to. The facts quoted do not take into consideration
 office forces, buyers—whose name is legion—or help employed
by the many new business houses that have opened in Salinas as a
result of the influx of these thousands of skilled laborers. . My estimate
 of the white help brought to Salinas and gainfully employed as
the direct result of the crops produced by our stoop labor would
be not less than 7,000. In fact, so rapidly have people come into the
Salinas Valley to supply this skilled labor demand that Salinas has
such an acute housing problem that many are forced to live in Monterey,
 20 miles away.
As an illustration of how the products produced by stoop labor
directly and indirectly assist the white race and organized labor, I
cite the following fact—and I hope you will take notice of this, because
 this is my vision of the State of Washington. If we can get
those acres into production you will have no labor problem up there.
You will have an influx of people and there will be jobs for them.
The CaATRMAN. White labor?
Mr. Harr. White labor; yes, sir; just as we have in the Salinas
Valley and in Salinas.
At this time, because of the housing problem in Salinas, I am
ouilding an apartment house, one wing of which will cost $54,000
when completed, and every man on the job is 2 white man and drawing
anion wages. This is just one illustration. I am trying to show you
what the production of my ranch is doing to-day. I do not mean to
imply that this entire $54,000 that I have mentioned here has been
produced on the ranch, but I have been able to make enough on the
ranch, coupled with these other circumstances which have come to
pass that I can put a little in and it will pay itself out. I could submit
you details of the plan, because I don’t want you to misunderstand
me. I don’t mean that I have $54,000 in cash that I have made on
my ranch, that I am putting in here ; I am trying to take care of my
old age.
The total sale value, based on average eastern prices, of the produce
raised on my farm at this time is close to $125,000, out of which about
$23,000 goes to the stoop labor used in producing it, whether it be
Mexican, Filipino, or Japanese. The balance, less about $12,000,
goes for packing, iceing, hauling, and brokerage, all of which is performed
 by white labor and most of it organized. In other words,
$101,000 goes to white labor, most of if organized, railroad men,
packing-house men, ice manufacturers, plumbers, and what not
that are concerned in this business, and of that $101,000, to be conservative,
 $85,000, which stays in Salinas, is turned over practically
three times before it leaves the community, and as it is turned over it
is turned over to business houses who in turn build houses and plumbers
 come in, and we have a three time turnover that benefits organized
labor out of that money that was produced at a cost of $23,000 for
stoop labor. :
~ Now you say, “Well, what do you pay for this so-called stoop
labor?” Mr. Palomares, present here—when I was formerly in the