WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 199

beet business and had to go out of it because my land is hard on the
knees—knows that I had to go out of the beet business because the
men could make enough money that they did not care to do the
little extra hard work on my ranch, and I had to wait until it rained,
and I paid 50 cents an hour for Mexican labor, and 1 worked in the
field with them to keep them at work, and we would have about
three crews before we got through, and I had to wait until the tail
ond of the season. I have never paid less than 40 cents an hour, and
that to Filipinos, and a Mexican is a better helper than a Filipino.
[ pay 40 cents an hour in the winter time and I pay 45 and 50 cents
an hour in the summer time, when labor is scarce. Now, that is
what you call, or somebody calls, “cheap labor,” and that is what
[ mean when I say ‘stoop labor,” and what this $23,000 goes to pay.
and those men spend that money in my town and are helping me to
make some money on my town investment.
At present we are using Japanese, Mexicans, and Filipinos. The
Japanese are scarce. The Filipinos are poor labor, and a social
menace, as they will not leave our white girls alone, and frequently
intermarry.
I might say I saw a sight the other day that I never expected to
see in Washington, D. C. I went to the automobile show the other
day, and lo and behold, on the second floor, as we were looking at
some of the nicer class of cars, along comes a Filipino and a nice
looking white girl. We followed them around to be sure we were
not mistaken. And that was in this city. I don’t see what she saw
in him. I don’t know whether she did, but I say to you that there is
the biggest menace we have out there, and they are citizens of this
country and you can’t stop them.
Well, I am spoiling my argument here. I had better go on.
The CuarrMaN. Can not stop them—why?
Mr. Hart. They are American citizens.
The CuamrMan. No. A few are, who have served in the Navy.
Mr. Harr. I thought they told us when we tried to exclude their
sugar out there from coming into competition with us, that we
could not do it because they were part of the American country.
That is what they told us.
Mr. Box. That may enter into the tariff question, but the averabe
 Filipino is not a citizen and is not entitled to become a citizen.
Mr. Harr. You mean a Filipino can not become a citizen?
Mr. Box. The average one can not. Only the exception that the
chairman mentioned.
The CuatrMan. During the war a little amendment was slipped
through in behalf of the Navy, providing that those that served in
the Navy could acquire citizenship. That has not been repealed,
and that small class can secure citizenship. The other Filipinos
are natives of an unorganized insular possession of the United States
where the flag flies. } }
‘Mr. Hart. Then you can discriminate against them in their person
but not against their sugar. You know, I am looking for arguments,
 because I need them out there. I know just what it means
to our people, this sugar business. } }
Mr. Box. Suppose we had tremendous American interests invested
over there and producing sugar, you would probably have American
interests exercising the big power and the big noise coming about
something else.