WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 271

Mr. Free. The trouble is we get so many surveys from departments
like yours and we don’t get the help. When we need labor we want
it.
Mr. Jones. We are trying to help you get helped.
Mr. Free. Why don’t you help us get the labor in California when
we need it?
The CuairmMan. The reason is they requested money for several
years and they didn’t get it.
Mr. Free. What States do you operate in?
Mr. Jones. We operate in Texas, in Louisiana, and do considerable
work in the cotton sections of Mississippi; we give information concerning
 conditions in Georgia and we hope to establish—there is a
very good office in Atlanta we cooperate with. We hope to have
money to establish our own office there. In fact, it was through
Mr. Wilson that that office was set up. We also do work in Oklahoma,
 Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Missouri, North Dakota, South
Dakota, Montana, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. That is in our
farm labor division.
Mr. Free. Isn't more farm labor needed in the State of California
so far as numbers are concerned than nearly all those States you have
mentioned, except Texas?
Mr. Jones. They need a great many laborers there, but the
demand from California doesn’t come upon us as insistently as from
Kansas and Texas and other States. It is only recently that we
have heard that our service is demanded to go in there and assist
them. Perhaps if they had been as insistent upon us in their demand
for labor as the State of Texas was we would have been able to
meet it.
Mr. Frer. Is there a demand for labor in Texas?
Mr. Jones. Oh? yes, sir.
Mr. Free. I thought there was a surplus thére.
Mr. Jongs. O my dear man! Let’s be fair and be reasonable.
We are not speaking of to-day. Three or four years ago, when cotton
opened all at once, throughout that State—and they raise about onethird
 of the cotton produced in the United States in Texas—it opened
simultaneously. It did not behave well that year. It’s regular order
is to open in the Rio Grande Valley, and there are three openings in
Texas. It all opened simultaneously, and there was a crisis on.
That was the time the Arizona Cotton Growers Association brought
in Porto Ricans.
The CuairmanN. Why did they do that?
Mr. Frer. Because of a shortage of cotton pickers at that time.
The CaairMaN. Is that the only time there was a shortage?
Mr. Jongs. I do not know, sir. I believe there was a shortage at
many times. )
Mr. Frere. Do you know the conditions in California?
Mr. Jones. I do not know them as I would like to know—first
hand. I hope to know them during the year.
The CuatrmaN. You know this: That there is a pull of Californians
 that brings a large number of people a little income, and there
is another pull that brings laborers from Mexico or wherever they can
get them, so that there is always an interference from one to the other,
Mr. Jones. I know this, I have in my files a letter from the Department
 of Public Welfare, Los Angeles, Calif., that they needed work-