276 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

Mrs. LancLey. Do you have the survey; and is there not a great
lack—possibly greater than in New York, in Kentucky, and West
Virginia?
Mr. Jones. We make a survey in the coal fields of your State.
Two weeks ago we established in Charleston, W. Va., an
office—public employment service. It was my privilege to call upon
the governor there. They have a State operation. I called upon
the governor at Charleston and we found in one way or another
enough money to pay one salary, so we cooperate with the State at
Charleston in finding jobs for the men in the coal areas, which covers
as well West Virginia as Kentucky. Now then I will get to Kentucky.
They have no employment service in Kentucky. I have written to
the governor, Mr. Sampson, and every member of the legislature and
the Senate. That was two weeks ago. I gave them information
and appealed to them to establish a bureau of public employment
service in the State. The governor is favorable. We have an office
in Louisville that the director general established there, and we got
no aid from the beginning. We feel we should have an office in
your State.
Mrs. Langley. So your service does not indicate the great number
of unemployed in those States?
Mr. Jones. It indicates a great deal of unemployment with the
miners in your State. There is plenty of room for improvement.
Mr. Fres. Is not this the height of the season for surplus labor,
right in midwinter? As far as farm conditions are concerned there is
practically no activity with the exception of the State of the gentleman
 from Florida and my own—California—at this time to take up
farm labor.
Mr. Jones. There is some in Texas, in the Rio Grande Valley, but
it is true in the main.
Mr. Free. You mentioned 20 cents an hour, which is entirely too
low for a man to work. But is it not true that this time of the
year you have a great many people who can not get work in agricultural
 pursuits, and therefore, they will turn to anything to get
along? Do you think they could get away with that 20 cents an
hour wage in the summer when the crops come along to be harvested
and worked? ;
Mr. Jones. I hope they do not get away with it, now. My
contact with the men who have to earn a living inspires that hope.
Mr. Free. Let me ask you another thing, Mr. Jones. I am
curious about how this set-up got as you have it. Apparently you are
not in places where they need a lot of labor. Take our own State
for example.
Me, Jones. Which set-up do you mean? Qur farm set-up or the
other?
Mr. Free. Why would you pick Nebraska and leave out California?
Mr. Jones. We haven't any permanent office in Nebraska. We
work that from our Kansas City office.
Mr. Free. You gave Nebraska.
Mr. Jones. Oh, yes; but we handle it through our special agents.
We have special agents.
The CrairMAN. Let us go back and get the law on this. This
employment service was established by the Federal Government
when?