304 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

Mr. BraprLey. That is true with the possible exception of the
State of Maine, where they want a special class of labor to chop wood.
I do not believe anybody or any Congressman from the State of
Massachusetts or anyone else will say there is a surplus of jobs
waiting for people to fill them. On the other hand, we all know
perfectly well—I have in my pocket a statement from the city of
Springfield, Mass., for instance, which says that there is such a mass
of unemployment there that they do not know what to do about it.
We know that very many of the large mills are closed and great
bodies of people are out of employment. So far as I can judge, the
industrial leaders of Massachusetts have been able just about to
counteract the loss of employment due to the departure of industries
by the new industries they have got going, but they have nothing
to cover the employment needs of the 80,000 immigrants who have
come in and of the young people who are coming out of schools and
wanting jobs. They have to cover that. That is a problem that
deeply concerns the people.
The same situation exists in New York, and I believe in other
Northern States. There the mines, railroads, and agriculture have
all diminished their labor demand by improved methods, and in
order to employ their people they must start new industries, and those
industries, as you know, are under competition of the South, where
labor is cheaper, and the South is under competition from places
where they are drawing for Mexican labor. The whole question
comes down to having more labor to employ than we can profitably
employ. That means a loss to somebody. ~ In New England much
of it comes by loss through taxes. They have very good, very numerous
 and very expensive institutions there to take care of helpless
people, and they try to have the best schools for the children, they
are in consequence so burdened with taxation that some of the
manufacturers who in the past have been most anxious to let in cheap
labor now seem inclined to go elsewhere after it. That is the problem
of the whole northern tier of States and it is doing no good to anybody,
because down in the very South the ordinary American man is finding
his job taken by cheap labor. The argument will always be made
that the native will not work and somebody else will whom they can
hire for less or whom they can use for less under compulsion, either
legal or economic.
The CrairMaN. If there are no further questions, let us thank
Mr. Bradley for his information.
Last Friday we started with Mr. Wilmoth, but suspended on
account of other business. He lives in El Paso and is anxious to go
home. I think we will proceed with him in open session concerning
conditions in the Southwest

STATEMENT OF F. STUART FITZPATRICK, MANAGER OF THE
CIVIC DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT NF THE CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. WASHINGTON. D. C.

The Caamrman. Mr. Fitzpatrick, do you desire to be heard?
Mr. Frrzeatrick. Mr. Chairman, I had not planned to appear
before the committee.
The CrarrMaN. You had not planned to appear before the committee?

Mr. Fitzratrick. No. sir.