WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION 335

1nless those people would combine in a school where the children of
ill our employees could go.
Mr. Free. What do these potato pickers do after they get through
harvesting the potatoes?
Mr. Guryac. They are from a farming community. Some of those
70 back to Canada a week after they have been in Maine in order to
pick their own potatoes.
Mr. Free. When is the harvest season in Maine?
Mr. Gurnac. In September, October, and November.
Mr. NrLson. The potato industry is not in a serious condition; it is
the pulp industry that requires first consideration. That is the third
largest industry in the State of Maine. The potato business is small,
compared with it.
Hz Free. Are those people engaged in the pulp work the year
round?
Mr. NeLson. Yes, sir; it is the only industry in New England that
furnishes a raw product, except lime.
The Cuarman. Did I understand you to say that the pulp indussry
 employs men all the year round?
Mr. Neuson. It does. ,
The CruatrMAN. Is that an inducement to the Canadian people to
move to and remain in the State of Maine?
Mr. Gurnac. Itis to some extent. We are not asking them to come
in and remain. We want them to come in, do our work, and then go
aut.
The place the cutting is being done and will continue to be done is
on the Canadian border, and the only way to get there, practically
speaking, is through Canada. If the companies recruit their men in
the United States, it is necessary to take them in bond through
Canada and then down to the camps, or travel some 60 or 80 miles
through the woods on the Maine side. which you can not get the men
to do.
Mr. Dickstein. As I remember, prior to this Supreme Court
decision referred to a little while ago, these men could come and go
across the line for business purposes. However, under this decision
those men have to pay a regular head tax and get an immigration
visa from the American consul at whatever point they may be. Who
pays the $8 to bring them in?
Mr. Gurnac. The potato pickers themselves pay that. For the
woodsmen brought in under the skilled-labor. clause of the law there
is no charge for an immigration visa, but there is a charge for the
head tax, which charge is refunded when the men go out. They do
not have to possess a visa or pay for it if they come in under the
skilled-labor ruling.
Mr. Dickstein. I would not say that the people you are talking
about are highly skilled laborers. They are common laborers.
Mr. Gurnac, No, sir; they are skilled laborers.
Mr. Dickstein. In addition to obtaining a passport, they must
have a visa? .
Mr. GuLnac. Yes; they must go to the American consul.
Mr. Dickstein. They have to pay $8 for a head tax, and the
total charce amounts to about $24 or $25.