18 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

Mr. Gournac. I think Mr. Nelson can answer that.
Mr. Newson. I have lived all my life in a community composed
of half French-Canadians and Americans, and there is no friction of
any kind. There is perfect amity.
Mr. DickstEIN. Is it because you can not get that kind of labor
in your city or your State that you want the Canadian labor?
Mr. GuLnac. Yes, sir.
Mr Dickstein. What efforts have you made to obtain American
abor?
Mr. GuiNyac. So far as workmen for the woods is concerned, we
have tried to recruit from any place where there was unemployment;
the Department of Labor at Augusta does everything within its power
to find laborers for our woods, but it can not get them. In the East
there are not experienced woodsmen left in sufficient numbers to
carry on the business. I know that from my own sad experience. I
was=in the lumber business there for 20 years. I am out of it now,
because I could not get experienced laborers for the woods. I had to
go to the cities for that labor and I got the type that could not saw trees
down or chop them down.
Mr. Free. What is your business now?
Mr. GuLnac. It was the lumber business.
Mr. Free. What is it now?
Mr. GuLnac. At the present time I am clearing land. I have been
~learing land for the city of Albany, N.Y.
The Crarrman. What class of labor do you use in that work?
Mr. Gurnac. Woodsmen that we get from Boston. Of those that
succeed, 75 per cent are Poles and Finns.
The CrairMaN. What do you pay that labor?
3 Mr. Gur~ac. Forty cents an hour, and the men work 10 hours a
ay.
Mr. Gisson. Are you having much farm land withdrawn from
cultivation? ,
Mr. Gurvac. Yes, sir; nearly 12,000 farms were abandoned
between 1910 and 1920, and it has continued since that time.
The CrairmMaN. I have received a letter trom Mr. James Q.
Gulnac supplementing his testimony before the committee which he
desires to make a part of the record.
{The letter referred to is here printed in full, as follows 3
Ferruary 4. 1930

Hon. Avert Jonnson,
Charrman Committee on Immigration and Naturalization,
House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.
Desr Mr. Jounson. You were very kind in saying I could supplement my
statement if I so desired. I desire to do so since I believe the amendment suggested
 has the possibilities of meeting the economic needs which now exist or
may arise in the future, both on the northern and southern boundaries of our
country. If I am correct in this belief, the amendment merits serious consideration
 by your committee.
May I again repeat my personal opinion to the effect that I'am in full sympathy
with present restrictive immigration, and further legislation which may make
Immigration more selective, or which will more efficiently administer our present
laws. This is what I understnad you desire to accomplish through the legistation
 you are now considering.
In my amendment, authority is vested in the Secretary of Labor to authorize
importation of laborers into this country, but only upon the petition of some
responsible person or company, and then only after lie is satisfied both as to the
responsibility of the petitioner and the need for such importation; and that
laborers of like kind. unemvloved, are not available in the United States. His