342 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

question immediately under consideration, namely, . applying the
quota to Canada and Mexico——
The CramrMAN (interposing). The question is applying the quota
to all countries of this hemisphere.
Mr. BRENckMAN. When it comes to the question immediately
under consideration, namely, a plying the quota to all countries of
the Western Hemisphere, I will say that our organization passed a
resolution two years ago, reading as follows:
Resolved, That we oppose any change in the immigration quota law as applied
fo the nationals of the Western Hemisphere.
That was passed on motion of the master of the California State
Grange, Mr. Harrison.
The Cratrman. When was that resolution passed?
Mr. BrENckMAN. The resolution was adopted in 1927. At that
time there was not any proposal before Congress about any investigating
 committee, for example, or a commission. I have since been
wstructed by the executive committee of the National Grange to say
to you that our organization favors the appointment of a commission
to study this question, and that the National Grange is willing to be
guided by the advice of that commission. I have only second-hand
information as to the situation jn the Southwestern States. I have
no personal information in regard to it, but, as I understand, there is
quite a serious labor problem confronting the farmers of that section.
They ship out of those Southwestern States in the neighborhood of
300,000 carloads of fruits and vetegables every year; they depend very
largely on casual Mexican labor during the harvesting season, and they
are puzzled to know just exactly where they are going to get the labor
to take the place of Mexicans, if Mexicans should be excluded from
the United States. In conversation with members of our organization
and people from that section of the country, it seems to be apparent
that they realize that it is not an ideal situation that we have now;
but they are willing to choose the least of several evils, as they look at
it, in selecting Mexican labor. If the Mexicans should be placed
on &amp; quota basis or partially excluded, it would mean they would have
to depend on the American negro of the South, the Porto Rican
negro, or the Filipino. It seems that they consider the Mexican
preferable to any of the other three groups.
The Crairman. Why is that?
Mr. BRENCKMAN. As near as I can understand it, they think the
Mexicans are less troublesome and proabably more efficient. I know,
and we all know, that there is opposition to getting too many Filipinos
into the country, because they can not he assimilated and because
of the racial problem.
Mr. Box. Do you think the Mexican does not create a racial
problem?
Mr. BreExckMaN. As I have said, everybody realizes that the
present situation is not ideal.
Mr. Box. You have said that you had not paid personal attention
to conditions in the Southwest, and that is where this problem is
most acute.
Mr. BRENCKMAN. I realize that.
Mr. Box. Have you any expression of the views of the farmers of
those States who are members of the grange? Do you know what
they think about it from personal contact?