WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION

377

surplus of agricultural labor until about June 1. Railroad companies have
planned to release fewer men than usual during the winter months. Lumber
~ompanies have laid off over 2,000 men.

Referring to the Los Angeles district, including Long Beach, Santa
Monica, Torrance, Pasadena, and Riverside, I find that—
Due to the large numbers of workers here from the Bast and North for climatic
reasons, a marked labor surplus exists, including tool and die makers, machinists,
and automobile mechanics, factory workers, building-craftsmen, and unskilled
laborers. There was no demand for office help, except for replacements. While
there were very few plants entirely closed there.was a reduetion of forces in many
manufacturing establishments.

For the State of Maine, this industrial employment information
bulletin for December, 1929, says that “a surplus of unskilled labor
was reported throughout the State.”
Referring to the State of New Hampshire, it is said that “a surplus
of unskilled labor prevailed throughout the State.”
For the State of Vermont, it is reported that ‘a surplus of unskilled
labor prevailed throughout the State.”
For the State of Massachusetts it is said that “a surplus of unskilled
workers existed in various parts of the State.”
* In reporting on general conditions in. the State of Rhode Island it is
said that “a surplus of unskilled labor exists in most cities. * * *¥
No demand for farm help was indicated from any source.”
For the State of Connecticut it says that “the usual seasonal surplus
of unskilled workers was apparent in every community.”
For the State of New York, it is reported that ‘the cessation of
road construction and agricultural activities caused a large influx of
labor into the larger cities, thus increasing the volume of unemployment
 among unskilled workers.”
For the State of New Jersey it is reported that ‘the usual year-end
inventory taking as well as a seasonal curtailment of building and
other outdoor activities resulted in a large surplus of labor at the
close of the month.” Again, it says that “there was a marked decrease
 in the volume of building and the winter cessation of much
road construction further increased unemployment among buildingtrades
 men and unskilled construction workers.”
For the State of Pennsylvania the report says that “the usual
winter surplus of outdoor labor was apparent. A surplus of buildingtrades
 men and unskilled construction workers was evidence.”
For the State of Indiana it is reported that ‘a surplus of farm help
exists.”
For the State of Michigan it says that “there is very little agricultural
 activity at this period of the year, which results in a great many
farm workers seeking employment in other lines.”
For Wisconsin, it says that “a surplus of building-trades men,
factory workers, and unskilled laborers prevails.”
For the State of Ohio, it 1s reported that—

The surplus of labor apparent throughout this State embraced practically all
rades. The automobile, steel, and other miscellaneous plants operated on partime
 schedules. The rubber factories worked with curtailed forces engaged.
For the State of Illinois, it says that—

Road construction has practically ceased for the season and a large number of
workers were released. Railroad, ship, maintenance of way, and construction
‘orees have gradually been reduced to the usual winter basis. A general surplus
Jf labor was apparent throughout December