400 WESTERN HEMISPHERE IMMIGRATION
condition that makes it impossible for them to buy seed, feed, and fertilizer:
Therefore be * * *
Increased production on a large scale recently in the Southwest
under the very conditions under which Mr: Harry Chandler’s cotton
production, described to this committee recently by him, is carried on,
1s unfair, and nothing short of ruinous to the small farmer and small
cotton planter in the southeastern part of the United States. The
competition cotton farmers of the Southeast are now being subjected
to by this increased southwestern cotton production, with seasonal
Mexican peon labor, as a result of which cotton acreage recently increased
 from 30,000,000 to 50,000,000 acres, is merely, as. I tried to
point out a few minutes ago, a repetition of what happened to the
sraall white cotton farmers when the slaves were introduced in the
South in large numbers over a century ago. Just as that unforuntate
immigration drove the small farmer and his family up into the hills
and mountains, where he had to eke out a precarious existence, so.
now Americans are being ground down and out by this foreion servile
Mexican peon labor.
Unless a plantation owner had enough money then to buy a large
tract of very fertile land and to buy a large number of slaves, he could
not produce cotton in competition with the rich, large-acreage and
slave-holding plantation owners, any more than many now unable,
like Mr. Chandler, to buy thousands of acres and get thousands of
Mexican laborers can now compete successfully with the big, largescale
 cotton producers of the Southwest.
I have been asked by the legislative committee of the State Council
Junior Order United American Mechanics of the State of New York
(Inc.) to call and I take pleasure in calling to this committee’s
attention its last declaration on immigration, as follows:
RESOLUTION IN RE FURTHER RESTRICTION OF IMMIGRATION

Whereas nearly a half million aliens entered the United States lawfully last
year, and according to expert opinion as many more unlawfully, which, on top
of the 14,000,000 foreign born and 21,000,000 of foreign parentage already here,
is more than our employers can find work for at decent wages, and our schools,
churches, jails, and other forces of agsimilation and elimination can comfortably
take care of; and
Whereas the. existing quota restriction law only partially closes our immigration
 front door, leaving open the back door to unlimited cheap peon Mexican
and other south and central and insular labor, which is pouring in; simply reconquering
 the Southwest and displacing our standards of living, wages. institutions.
schools, language, and churches with theirs: Therefore be it
Resolved by the State council, Junior Order United American M echanics of the
State of New York (Inc.), in annual session assembled this 24th day of September,
1929, That we urge and petition Congress and the President to further restrict
European immigration and close the side door to cheap Mexican and South American
 immigrant labor now streaming into the country and undermining American
standards, wages, ideals, and institutions; and be it further
Resolved, That the State council secretary forward a copy of this memorial to
the President and to New York Members of Congress.
The foregoing resolution was passed. at the annual session of the State council
Junior Order United American Mechanics of the State of New York (Ine.), held
in New York City at the Commodore Hotel. September 23, 1929.
(sEAL.] FranvkLIN S. Fave,
State Council Secretary.
The above incorporated order has no connection with the national
council, Junior Order United American Mechanics, and must not be
confused with it. It is not a labor organization per se, but a purely